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JOSS :

Journal of Social Science

THE ADVANCEMENT OF GIBRAN IN POLITICAL CONTESTATION

AS VICE PRESIDENT OF THE 2024 ELECTION IN THE

PERSPECTIVE OF POLITICAL ETHICS OF THE INDONESIAN

NATION

Ngudi Astuti

, Dewi Setyarini

Universitas Jayabaya Jakarta, Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected]

, [email protected]

KEYWORDS

contestation, law

enforcement, and

political ethics

ABSTRACT

The advancement of Gibran Rakabuming Raka to become Prabowo

Subiyanto's Vice President has indeed become a controversy in the political

and democratic life in Indonesia. With the issuance of the Constitutional

Court (MK) Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the Granting

of Additional Ownership Experience in the Minimum Age Requirements

for Presidential / Vice Presidential Candidates, submitted by a student

named Almas Tsaqibbirru Re A. This application was accepted by the

Constitutional Court on 3 August 2023. This research uses the theory of

ethics (imperative ethics) according to Immanuel Kant, which states that an

action is said to be right if it is in line with the principle of obligation

relevant to it. Categorical imperative ethics is an absolute command and

applies generally. to be all-inclusive, in Ethics it is very clear that the

categorical imperative, acts based on obligation. Act according to universal

laws, i.e. laws that tend to be accepted by society. The loss of ethics in

political life has implications for political practices that are Machavellistic,

namely politics as a tool to do everything, good or bad without regard to

decency, and norms and apply as positivistic nuances (value-free) and this

is very contrary to the ethical values of Pancasila Democracy which is

upheld for the Indonesian nation. If someone is running for public office,

they should prioritize polite politics and heed the rule of law so that there is

peace in living together as citizens in the community.

INTRODUCTION

Last Sunday night (22 Oct), Prabowo announced Gibran as his Vice Presidential

Candidate, ignoring the public outrage and protests against the Constitutional Court's ruling

that the chief judge is President Jokowi's brother-in-law. "This is a gamble for Gibran. If he

wins, then his political career will rise faster," said a political observer from Gadjah Mada

University, Wawan Mas'udi. "If he loses, his career will not end, but he will face many

obstacles because he has a negative political-family image. The public in general, the mass

media, and civil society organizations see it as part of President Jokowi's efforts to maintain

power "(Kiki Siregar, 2023).

A political observer from Indonesia Political Opinion (IPO) Dedi Kurnia Syah also said

that although Prabowo had the opportunity to get Jokowi's voters in the previous presidential

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election, it was still quite difficult for Prabowo to win. "Given that Prabowo will face

aggravating propaganda. First, Prabowo is considered to be perpetuating dynastic or kinship

politics and this is certainly not by Prabowo's character so far, who is known to have a strong

enough knight ideology," said Dedi in his statement to Republika, Tuesday (17/10/2023).

Second, Prabowo is also faced with the assumption that he is more concerned with political

conditions than the state because he appoints a vice president not from the capacity factor

(Fauziah Mursid, 2023).

Kolnselp humans as political beings show that political thinking that involves the

proposals and results of the political activities of a political system of a government is based

on human elsen (nature). This means that human beings must be the criterion or measure and

goal. Although in politics people may overlook the fact that humans are ambivalent, so power

anywhere and anytime is always not only used well but also abused. Therefore, since time

immemorial, human beings have tried to prevent the abuse of power, especially by those who

abuse political power. The term eltika (moral philosophy) can be used in the sense of the moral

values and norms that form the basis of an individual or a group of people in regulating their

behavior. Eltics provides the moral basis of politics (Hariantati, 2003).

Removing ethics from political life has implications for political practices that are

Machavellistic in nature, namely politics as a tool to do everything, good or bad without regard

to decency, and norms and applies as if positivistic nuances (value-free) (Magnis Soseno,

Frans. 1988. Etika Politik. Gramedia. Jakarta, 1987). Political life is one of the improvisational

expressions of human social life, although it applies socially, its relationship with the

transcendent will not be separated. For this reason, regulating political life, by making morality

(ethics) the basis of politics, can be expected to have politics that heed the rules of the game,

what must be done, and what must be left alone (F. Iswara, 1999). To judge inner attitudes and

outer actions, a tool is needed, namely a moral measure.

Gibran's advancement to become Prabowo Subianto's vice president in the 2024

presidential election is an important political note in the journey of the democratic system in

Indonesia. Various problems have arisen, starting from the opinion of PDIP politician Ahmad

Basarah that PDIP has endorsed the candidate pair Ganjar Pranowo and Mahfud MD to run in

the 2024 Presidential Election. At this point, the decision must be obeyed by all PDIP cadres and

members, again including Gibran as a PDIP cadre. If there are cadres and party members who

do not comply, said Basarah, then it is the same as if the cadre has violated the rules and ethics

(Sabik Aji Taufan, 2023).

In the case of Gibran, as the Mayor of Solo, he has chosen not to obey the party's decision

line by advancing as a candidate for vice president. By itself in political ethics, Gibran has left

the PDIP membership. According to Hasto, PDIP together with PPP, Perindo, and Hanura as

well as volunteers are even more confident in their political path guided by moral values and

political ethics. This is because, continued Hasto, politics is driven by dedication to the nation

and state, fighting for the people, not for family interests. Furthermore, according to Ahmad

Basarah, Chairman of the PDIP DPP, (Saturday, 28/10/2023)(Agus Yulianto, 2023). In his

statement, Basarah believed that Gibran knew the bylaws and party mechanisms in making

decisions. Basarah explained that General Chairperson (Ketum) Megawati Soekarnoputri has the

prerogative to choose the presidential and vice presidential candidates to be promoted by PDIP.

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Megawati has also chosen Ganjar Pranowo and Mahfud MD to be carried by the party bearing

the Bull symbol. For this reason, all PDIP cadres must support this decision.

In his statement, Basarah believed that Gibran knew the bylaws and party mechanisms in

making decisions. Basarah explained that General Chairperson (Ketum) Megawati

Soekarnoputri has the prerogative to choose the presidential and vice presidential candidates to

be promoted by PDIP. Megawati has also chosen Ganjar Pranowo and Mahfud MD to be carried

by the party bearing the Bull symbol. For this reason, all PDIP cadres must support this decision.

The purpose of writing this article is to be useful as public information and for leaders to

know the preferred leadership style of the community, from a leader, in this case, the presidential

and vice presidential candidates in the upcoming 2024 elections, to be successful in carrying out

their vision and mission, of course, based on democratic values, legal procedures, and election

laws as the will of the Indonesian Nation to live peacefully in society, nation, and state. In

addition, it is also a reference in the scientific field, especially management, regarding a deeper

understanding of the preferred leadership style of the Indonesian people, because the President

and Vice President are leaders of a country who bring the people they lead forward to build a

better country so that they are not left behind by other more advanced countries. A President and

Vice President must also be able to lead well to all people from various circles in their country.

If they lead their country well, it will also bring a good name in the eyes of the world so that it

can be included in the category of top leaders in the world (Nurfaizi, 2020).

METHOD RESEARCH

The method used in this research is a descriptive method with the type of qualitative

research used to discuss the advancement of Gibran in political contestation as vice president

of the 2024 elections from the perspective of the political ethics of the Indonesian nation.

Furthermore, the type of data used is secondary data consisting of primary legal materials,

namely regulations related to the research conducted, secondary legal materials in the form

of processed opinions or thoughts of experts or experts who study certain fields, in the form

of books, papers and scientific journals related to the object of research.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Importance of Ethics in Political Office

The word 'ethics' comes from the Ancient Greek ethos. In general, it means habit or

permanent goodwill (Itma mil wafa, n.d.). Its meaning as a thought is habit, custom, character,

disposition, attitude, or way of thinking. In philosophy, the meaning of ethics used is as a way of

thinking (Bertens, 1993). The term was first used in philosophy by Aristotle (384-322 BC) to

explain moral philosophy (Panggabean, 2020). In this sense, ethics is defined as the science of

customs and habits (Murya & Sucipto, 2019). In academia, ethics is one of the main branches of

philosophy. Ethics is a specialized scientific discipline within philosophy. Scientifically, ethics

falls under the subdisciplinary position of philosophy, namely ontology, axiology, and

epistemology.

Ethics as a scientific discipline of philosophy examines the nature of goodness and

morality. Defined attitudes and behaviors have been regarded as something of value to human

life. The function of normative ethics is to provide judgment and basic norms for every decision

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to take action. These basic norms are presented in the form of general rules and principles of

behavior. The benefit of ethics is the existence of individual self-control which can facilitate the

fulfillment of the interests of social groups (Tjaronosari dan Herianandita, 2018). The approach

used in ethics is a descriptive study of morality. Ethics becomes human social action as its main

problem. ethics aims to evaluate human actions and provide recommendations or approval of

human actions.

Aristotle then explained the definition of ethics as a science that studies human actions. Its

scope only includes procedures or habits that produce actions that are considered good or bad

according to human nature (Ekasari, K. dan Nurfitriasih, 2019). Ethics determines the

appropriateness of a way of doing things and ethics applies to oneself and others. The nature of

ethics is absolutely to be applied. Furthermore, the perspective of ethics views humans

completely, thoroughly, and deeply (Hudha & Rahardjanto, 2018).

And in simple terms, ethics is a theory that was born with the realization of the tragedy

of anarchy that takes place at various levels whether at the level of individuals, groups, the

world, or even the universe. Ethics distinguishes itself from the discipline of philosophy of

science which examines problems based on the right-wrong principle. Ethics is also not to be

confused with aesthetics which talks about beautiful things and flawed things. But ethics

positions itself to discuss the good and the bad, ethics is a matter of policy. Ethics is brought

to the fore so that different and possibly conflicting interests can not only be reconciled but

also so that the peace process can fulfill the taste of the norms of justice and humanity.

Ethics at the macro or micro level, wants to help guide humans along with science

(science) and aesthetics (art), to achieve the goal, which Aristolteles called Eudemoni or

happiness. To quote Kar Barth eltika (from Elthols) is comparable to morals (from Mos).

Second, Political Ethics, both of which are philosophies about customs (sitten). The German

word Sitte (from old German, situ) denotes a model (model of human behavior), a constancy

(constancy, condition) of human action. Therefore, in general, ethics or morals is a philosophy,

science, or discipline about the modes of human behavior or the constancy of human action

(Madjid, 1992).

Ethics is relevant today and will always be relevant because human life is continually

characterized by an unrelenting battle (conflict) between the forces of good and the forces of

evil. Ethics bases itself on reason to determine the moral quality of virtue, hence it is also called

a system of philosophy that questions human praxis about its responsibilities and obligations.

Or to use the rhetoric of postmodernism (functional), because competition in the game of power

or certain economic or cultural groups always desires to seize supremacy to become the most

dominant. If ethics is re-examined with enthusiasm, which follows the rhetoric of some

ethicists from advanced industrialized countries, there will be a revival(Franz Magnis-museum,

1988).

The study of ethics is often opened from the pages of the history of Western civilization

based on the Greco-Roman tradition and later Christian Judaism. As a societal entity, the

melting away of Celtics, especially because of the continuing existence of terror, whether

considered to have originated from fascism, communism, or recently, is recognized by

Huntington from the Islamic tradition. In the below-modern era, eltika as a discourse was

revived when the history of the last century was broken in the French Revolution (1789 and

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1884). The idea of progress in the Pellegrini era to build an ideal society was pioneered from

the societal movements in England through to Germany, Holland, and various other European

countries and culminated in the French Revolution.

In French sociological literature, Emile Durkheim is known as the father of the theory of

Social Harmony, which today still dominates the efforts of social scientists to validate the

Sociology of Morality needed to form a social order in the concept of the Modern Nation-State

with a blend of ethics and morality that supports the ideal of individual or person integration

in a nation-state.

Political Ethics belongs to the group of social ethics, which discusses the moral norms

that should give rise to attitudes and actions between people because almost all human

obligations are coupled with the fact that he is a social beings. Political ethics does not offer a

normative system as the basis of the state. Ethics is reflective in that it contributes to thinking

about how the problems of life can be faced but does not offer how to solve them. Thus,

political ethics questions the responsibilities and obligations of humans as human beings and

not as citizens towards the state, towards applicable laws, and so on. Because the goodness of

man as a human being and the goodness of man as a citizen are not identical. The function of

political ethics is limited to providing theoretical thinking to question and explain political

legitimacy in a responsible, rational, objective, and argumentative manner. Therefore, the task

of political ethics is subsidiary in the sense that it helps that the discussion of ideological

problems can be carried out objectively, meaning that it is based on arguments that can be

understood and responded to by all parties who understand the problem.

Political ethics can provide benchmarks, orientation, and normative guidance for those

who want to assess the quality of order and democracy of political life and the benchmark of

human dignity (Franz Magnis-suseno, 1988). In addition, political ethics can function as a

means of critiquing ideology (not the state and the law) in the form of understandings and

legitimacy strategies that underlie state administration.

So political ethics can only help society's efforts to translate the country's lofty ideology

into concrete political reality. For example, by reflecting on the essence of social justice, how

power should be handled by human dignity. Since Aristotle philosophers have contemplated

humans as political beings (zoon political), and community beings Nietzche, Max Weber, and

Hans Morgenthau were perhaps the first to understand the term political beings (essentially) in

other terms as beings who seek power. And if we are to seek and discuss the concept of power

then we cannot escape the judgement of power in politics which always depends fundamentally

on a particular view of human beings.

In essence, power is seen as something evil. But even that still raises questions: Is every

user of political power bad and every unavoidable action bad? The perspective of a true realist

is different, where the world is seen as a split reality. Evil and good are mixed up in Political

Ethics. If humans are inherently evil, then there can be no government. Then, if all men were

good, there would be no need for government. So it must be recognized that true human beings

are complex and ambivalent, halfway between the ways of reason and reasonlessness, between

good and evil, a mixture of egoism and goodness. With this ambivalence, human beings can

use power well or badly, in small things and big things, in private life and politics (Hans Kung,

1999).

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According to classical sociologist Max Weber's definition, power is any opportunity to

establish one's own will in a social relationship even in the face of resistance, no matter what

the basis of that opportunity. Thus, the nature of every person can be understood and every

constellation can be understood. With this assumption, it will be easy to direct and position a

person according to the determination of his own will in a particular situation.

Thus, political power in a broad sense is an expression of human nature, both of which

are subject to ambivalence: That is, on the one hand, human power can be used for good, in a

truly humane way, both for the prosperity of those concerned, for those around the power and

its environment. On the other hand, human power can also be used for evil, through inhumane

and inhumane means, either deliberately to the detriment of those who are interested or to the

detriment of those around them and their environment.

At all levels of politics, power should be used to serve, not to dominate, regardless of

personal commitments. Power and domination are not synonymous. At all levels of politics, if

one can continually see that a politician, group of politicians, or government is using power as

a tool to dominate rather than to serve, then power will dominate political thought and action,

and will generate hatred and hostility; indeed, power will lead to war, cold or hot.

But where politicians or particular groups or a government seek to see that power is to

serve, not to dominate, then in the power struggle they help humanize deadly competition and

promote respect and appreciation for others, mediation, understanding, and peace (Hans Kung,

1999). Based on these thoughts, ethics becomes a challenge for politicians, the need for

political ethics as a control of political power, and the abuse of power by institutions as a

fundamental problem of theories of the State.

DPD RI member, Prof. Jimly Asshiddiqie, S.H., invites the public, especially the younger

generation as novice voters to vote intelligently and use the right conscience and logic in

assessing prospective leaders. "A good leader is an effective teacher that people can emulate.

In the 2024 elections, we are looking for people with the quality of leaders who can be

emulated. I also think that the science of state administration is reconstructed into the science

of nation administration. Constitutional science is not only constitutional law but ethics. Let us

organize our national life," said Jimly Asshiddiqie (Admin, 2023).

Political leadership also cannot be separated from various factors that must be

considered, such as influence (influence), style (style), strength/power (power), integrity

(integrity), change (change), problem-solving (problem-solving), human relations (human

relations) and so on. Besides paying attention to some of the factors above, a person as

leadership in an organization is certainly required to have a qualified attitude. In

Transformational Leadership, there are several types of leaders related to leader transformation

or transformational leadership, namely:

a. Inspirational Leader means a leader who can inspire, who can channel energy, and drive

action or behavior.

b. Visionary Leader means that being an inspiration is only one step, there is a next step that a

leader must have which is having and building a vision known as a visionary leader. As a

visionary leader, a leader needs to develop three characteristics, namely risk-taking, listening,

and responsibility to realize.

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c. Strategic Leader means what does a strategic leader need to master? Strategic leaders must

understand that problem-solving and decision-making require careful and in-depth

observation of the situation and conditions, and adapting problem-solving approaches.

d. Charismatic Leader means speaking charisma a leader must always build connections and

attachments / close relationships with others, especially the team.

As expressed by President Jokowi himself about Gibran not being old enough to run in

the 2024 Presidential election, the Election Law requires the Presidential and Vice Presidential

Candidates to be at least 40 years old, at that time Gibran was only 35 years old, the President

also considered making Gibran a Vice Presidential Candidate to be illogical and also based on

the analysis of the theories mentioned above, meaning that Gibran must learn more to become

a potential leader in the future.

If it is connected with the theory of Ethics according to Immanuel Kant, then Gibran's

advancement in political contestation as vice president of the 2024 Election, is very

contradictory, whereas Immanuel Kant's theory teaches that an action is right if the action is in

line with the principle of obligation that is relevant to it. Then in categorical imperative ethics

is an absolute command and applies generally. so that it is all-inclusive, in categorical

imperative ethics it is very clear, act based on obligation. Act with a law that is universal, that

is, a law whose predisposition is accepted by society, where in the fact of Gibran's advancement

in political contestation as vice president of the 2024 Election by changing the decision of the

Constitutional Court (MK), then it is very violating, where in the end the judge who made the

Constitutional Court decision was dishonorably dismissed.

Several opinions about Gibran's advancement to become Prabowo's vice president in the

2024 election, ranging from culturalists, academics (observers), politicians, and legal

experts to foreign media.

a. Renowned Indonesian cultural figures Gunawan Muhammad (GM) and Butet Kartarajasa

cried when they saw President Joko Widodo's eldest son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, finally

running as a vice president, after some time earlier the Constitutional Court (MK) decided

the case of the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates. It is known that on

Saturday (21/10) the Mayor of Solo came to the Golkar Rapimnas event. He received the

results of the Golkar Rapimnas from Airlangga Hartarto, which included nominating

Prabowo and Gibran as a presidential and vice presidential pair. The decision has been

debated. Many were angry and disappointed at this political practice. President Joko Widodo

is considered the most responsible person and is considered to have made a big mistake at

the end of his term. "It is wrong to antagonize Jokowi and forget his achievements. But it is

also wrong to ignore his missteps, which could damage the basic joints of our common life

- justice", fair play "and honesty" tweeted cultural figure Goenawan Mohamad on his

Twitter account @gm_gm.

b. Goenawan has indeed spoken quite loudly regarding the Constitutional Court's decision,

which is considered to be a way for Jokowi to nominate his son to be Prabowo's vice

president. And it was proven, Gibran accepted Golkar's proposal to become Prabowo's Vice.

"The most dangerous and troubling thing in the 2024 presidential election is the loss of

confidence that the election is honest and fair and that there is an impartial referee. Without

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that trust, the winner will not be accepted, the loser will harbor resentment. And the nation

can crack," he added. An even harsher statement was made by a cultural figure from Jogja,

Butet Kertaradjasa. Butet, who supported Jokowi desperately for two periods, admitted that

he cried at Jokowi's actions at the end of his term.

c. "I got A1 political information and I was shocked. I was crying, really crying", said Butet.

She said she participated in winning Jokowi in the 2014 and 2019 presidential elections. She

considered Jokowi to be a trustworthy President, working to serve the people and caring

about culture. "And his sons at that time only sold Martabak, Fried Banana. There is no

political ambition. When he left to deliver Jokowi, his sons were all geeky. I was happy, this

is a very cool President. He is a role model of a good leader that the nation desires", he

added. But at the end of his term of office, which was only a few months away, Butet

continued, Jokowi took actions beyond reason. He used state power to smooth out his son's

candidacy for vice president. "The last game was like this. I cried. He insisted on his desire

to send Gibran to be Prabowo's vice president," he said. The Constitutional Court continued

that Butet was used as a tool to smooth out his desire. And that made him even more sad.

He has even sent a letter to Jokowi to remind him of his misguided steps. "The Constitutional

Court, which was born from the Reform "98 struggle, which asked for the sacrifice of

several lives. How come it's just to mess around with the domestic affairs of a family?

Domestic matters are at stake for the nation and state," he criticized. Meanwhile, the

Executive Director of the Indonesian Political Indicator, Burhanuddin Muhtadi, believes

that if the Constitutional Court grants a lawsuit related to the minimum age of presidential

and vice-presidential candidates, it does not necessarily make Gibran Rakabuming Raka a

companion to Prabowo Subianto. Gibran's presence could also be a burden. Because issues

related to political dynasties will continue to roll until the voting on February 14, 2024.

Instead of increasing votes, this has the potential to erode Prabowo's electability, which is

already high.

According to Houston, PDIP together with PPP, Perindo, and Hanura as well as

volunteers are even more confident in their political path guided by moral values and political

ethics. Continued Hasto, politics is driven by a dedication to the nation and state, fighting for

the people, not for family interests.

According to Ahmad Basarah, Chairman of the PDIP DPP, (Saturday, 28/10/2023). In

his statement, Basarah believes that Gibran knows the bylaws and party mechanisms in making

decisions. Basarah explained that the General Chairperson (Ketum) Megawati Soekarnoputri

had the prerogative to choose the presidential and vice presidential candidates to be promoted

by PDIP. Megawati has also chosen Ganjar Pranowo and Mahfud MD to be carried by the party

bearing the Bull symbol. For this reason, all PDIP cadres must support this decision.

"When Mr. Gibran then left the decision scheme that had been taken by Mrs. Megawati

and even nominated himself as a vice presidential candidate outside the party's decision line,

then according to the party constitution, according to party rules he has committed

insubordination," Basarah said at the PDIP School, Jakarta, quoted by CNN Indonesia "He has

done something different from the party's decision line. In terms of political ethics, he

deliberately wants to leave and or has even left the PDIP membership," he added. Therefore,

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Basarah said PDIP was waiting for Gibran's political ethics to return the party's membership

card (KTA). "So what we are waiting for is the political ethics of a mas Gibran who has now

ventured to run for the vice president of the Republic of Indonesia, so we are waiting for that

political ethics to accept the PDIP membership card," further, Basarah also emphasized that his

party was waiting for Gibran's political ethics to the party that had raised his family. He then

mentioned the role of PDIP for Gibran's family, including his father, Jokowi. "We are waiting

for his good intentions to show his political ethics to Mrs. Mega, to the extended family of the

party that gave birth to him, and raised him," said Basarah.

foreign media highlights

Foreign media Al-Jazeera and South China Morning Post (SCMP) for example. Reuters,

Associated Press, and ABC to Singapore's Strait Times also paid attention. Al-Jazeera

published the headline "Prabowo Picks Jokowi's Son as Running Mate in Indonesia

Presidential bid" on Monday. It featured how Prabowo chose Gibran to gain President Joko

Widodo's (Jokowi) supporters. "Indonesian Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto has

announced that President Joko Widodo's eldest son, known as Jokowi, will be his running mate

in next year's election", wrote the Qatar-based media, quoted Tuesday (24/10/2023).

"The election of 36-year-old Gibran, who is currently the mayor of Surakarta, Central

Java, could help boost the former general's campaign for the top job while also fueling criticism

that Jokowi is trying to create a political dynasty in the government of the world's third-largest

democracy," he wrote. It also highlighted how the Constitutional Court (MK) ruled on Gibran's

move to run for office. It mentioned how the court upheld the rule that candidates must be at

least 40 years old, but made exceptions for those who already hold public office.

The same thing was also published by Hong Kong media, SCMP. The headline

"Indonesia election 2024: Prabowo's VP pick of Jokowi's son could be a double-edged sword,

analysts warn", mentioned how this choice could be a "boomerang". "Indonesian presidential

candidate Prabowo Subianto's attempt to capitalize on incumbent leader Joko Widodo's

popularity by choosing his son as his vice president may be a double-edged sword in his third

bid for the top job, observers say", the media outlet reported.

While Reuters published an article with the title "Indonesia Presidential Candidate

Prabowo Picks Jokowi's Son as running mate". It mentioned how Prabowo chose Gibran amidst

the "anger" that has not subsided in the country due to the decision of the Constitutional Court

(Mahkamah constitute)

The same thing was published by the Associated Press (AP) which was also quoted by

ABC News. Both articles were headlined "Indolnelsia's leading presidential election picks

Widoldol's sole run for VP in 2024". "He did not meet the age requirement to run at 40, but the

Court-led by Prelsideln's brother-in-law made an exception in its ruling last week. Now,

melrelka who serve or are elected as local leaders can run at a younger age," the court said.

"The colonial decision, which paved the way for Gibran to run in the election, has been widely

criticized for its non-political nature and analysts fear that the decision could undermine the

democratic process," he added.

German media, Handesblatt, and US Times review Jokowi's dynastic politics; President

Jokowi's family political move, especially his son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, to run as

Prabowo Subianto's vice president in the 2024 presidential election is seen as destructive to

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democracy. At least that is how foreign media describe and highlight the current conditions in

Indonesia. Handesblatt stated that Jokowi was trying to build a completely new dynasty. This

condition is also considered a very problematic political development. Handesblatt stated that

Jokowi was trying to build a completely new dynasty. This condition is considered a very

problematic political development. "The fact that 36-year-old Gibran will soon take a central

role at the national level is thanks to the controversial decision of the Constitutional Court last

week," Handesblatt wrote. It is not only foreign media Handesblatt that assesses Jokowi's

political missteps in leading a democratic country. But Time also glanced at Jokowi's unhealthy

style at the peak of his career as President.

Time emphasized that Jokowi had tarnished his good image as a democracy breaker. The

US media said Jokowi's process was considered a breakthrough for Indonesian democracy.

Jokowi managed to become President with a background as a carpenter from Solo. However,

what is being shown to the public now, Jokowi has instead returned to building political

dynasties that kill democracy. "If we look at a broader analysis of the last ten years of Jokowi's

rule, that has shown a real setback to democracy," said Ian Wilson, a senior lecturer specializing

in Indonesian politics at Australia's Murdoch University, quoted by Time (Fitriani, n.d.).

Constitutional Court Decision Controversy: about Gibran's Decision

"Politiae Legiuss Non-Leges Politi Adoptandae" Politics must be subject to the law, not

the other way around, in the case of Gibran Rakabuming Raka who wants to run to be

Prabowo's vice president in the Presidential election contest in 2024, it has become a spotlight

and controversy in the community both in print and electronic media and is still warm until this

article is written down. Monday, October 16, 2023, The Constitutional Court (MK) held a

hearing on the decision of the judicial review of Article 169 letter (q) of Law Number 7 of 2017

concerning General Elections related to the minimum age limit of the presidential and vice

presidential candidates, case number: 29/PUU-XXI/2023 with the applicant Indonesian

Solidarity Party (PSI) requesting that the minimum age limit for presidential and vice

presidential candidates be returned to 35 years as previously regulated in Article 5 letter (o) of

Law Number 42 of 2008 and Article 6 letter (q) of Law Number 23 of 2003 concerning General

Elections for President and Vice President.

In the verdict session, the Constitutional Court rejected the presidential and vice

presidential age limit lawsuit to a minimum of 35 years, the decision was read out by the Chief

Justice of the Constitutional Court Anwar Usman which was also attended by all constitutional

judges in an open session for the public. The verdict stated: Reject the petition of the Petitioners

in its entirety. According to the Chairman of the Constitutional Court, the petition does not

have a reason according to the law in its entirety. However, what is interesting about this

material test verdict hearing is that the Constitutional Court, even though it has rejected the

lawsuit for the age limit of the presidential and vice presidential candidates to be at least 35

years old, has granted the applicant's request in part in case number 90 / PUU-XXI / 2023

submitted by a student named Almas Tsaqibbirru, which allows a person who has experience

in holding or currently holding positions elected through general elections including regional

head elections to become a presidential and vice presidential candidate.

Article 7 paragraph 2 letter (e) of Law Number 10/2016 on the election of Governors,

Regents, and Mayors states that the minimum requirement to become a candidate for Mayor

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and Deputy Mayor as well as a candidate for Regent and Deputy Regent is 25 years old. With

the granting of the decision, it can be said that someone who is still 25 years old is allowed to

become a presidential and vice presidential candidate as long as they have experience in

holding or currently holding positions elected through general elections including regional head

elections.

This political decision also made the Constitutional Court labeled the "Family Court".

The reason for labeling the Constitutional Court as a "Family Court" is because the Chief

Justice of the Constitutional Court, Anwar Usman, is the brother-in-law of President Joko

Widodo who is also Gibran Rakabuming's Uncle, where this application is considered to be

prepared for the candidacy of Gibran Rakabuming, President Joko Widodo's eldest son as the

Vice President of one of the presidential candidates, but is constrained by his age which is still

36 years old. However, the nickname of MK as the "Family Court" cannot be removed from

public opinion because it remembers Gibran who is currently serving as the mayor of Surakarta,

in other words, even though Gibran is still 36 years old, he can run for vice president or vice

presidential candidate because he is occupying a position elected through general elections.

From a legal perspective, the Applicant (individual or group) who submits an application

related to the age limit of the presidential and vice presidential candidates to the Constitutional

Court is a constitutional right guaranteed by the Constitution or Law and also the Constitutional

Court as a Judicial Institution is an institution authorized to assess the validity of laws or

regulations deemed incompatible with the constitution.

The 40-year age limit can ensure that potential leaders have a sufficient level of maturity.

By the age of 40, an individual may have accumulated a sufficient amount of experience and

have a more mature understanding of the crucial issues facing the country and may also have

acquired the appropriate knowledge and integrity to be the right presidential and vice

presidential candidate. If there is a requirement to have experience of holding or currently

holding positions elected through general elections including regional head elections, it should

be based on a holistic consideration of the qualifications and competencies of prospective

leaders.

Indonesia as a collective nation needs leaders who understand social, political, and

economic issues deeply. Requiring Caprels and Cawaprels to be at least 40 years old may

ensure that they have accumulated sufficient experience in various walks of life. This will help

Cawaprels or Cawaprels make wise and sustainable decisions while avoiding impulsive

policies and exercising leadership with complete awareness. As a whole, the policy of a

minimum age limit of 40 years without any other elmbell to become Caprels and Cawaprels is

a wise step because this allows us to ensure that our leaders have sufficient experience, the

necessary political stability which will all bring progress to our nation.

According to a former Constitutional Court Judge, Mahfud MD also emphasized that

such decisions should no longer be issued by the Constitutional Court. This constitutional law

expert assessed that several principles were violated in the decision, including judges deciding

cases related to their family interests. As is known, the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court

Anwar Usman, who is the uncle of Solo Mayor Gibran Rakabuming Raka, participated in

deciding the case. Gibran himself benefited from the Constitutional Court's decision because it

gave him the right to run as a presidential or vice-presidential candidate. "This decision could

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have happened if the situation of legal development and development was still like now, but

this is a lesson for all of us so that in the future it will not happen again," said Mahfud.

The Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court (Majelis Kehormatan MK) was

established.

The Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi) formed MKMK on Tuesday (24/10) to

investigate alleged violations of the code of ethics in last week's Constitutional Court decision

regarding the age of presidential and vice-presidential candidates, which was said to be full of

interests. The Chairman of the Constitutional Court, Anwar Usman, has denied allegations that

he arranged the Constitutional Court's decision on the age limit of the presidential and vice

presidential candidates so that his nephew, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, could run as a candidate

for vice president in the 2024 presidential election. Apart from the accusations against Anwar

Usman, several parties - including constitutional law experts - have questioned the neutrality

of MKMK in handling alleged violations of the code of ethics.

It is known that MKMK was formed by former Constitutional Court President Jimly

Asshiddiqiel, former Constitutional Court Delwan Eltik member Bintan Saragih, and

Constitutional Court judge Wahiduddin Adams. Melrelka will investigate allegations of

violations of the electoral college and misconduct of judges about the Constitutional Court

Decision Nolmolr 90/PUU-XXI/2023 which is considered to open the door for Gibran

Rakabuming Raka to run in the 2024 Pilprels at the age of 36 years from the position of Mayor

of Kolta Sollol. The complaints varied, ranging from those against Chief Justice Anwar Usman

who is Gibran's uncle, some asking him to resign, some against all judges of the Constitutional

Court, some against judges who delivered dissenting opinions (dissenting opinion), and

complaints against the establishment of the MKMK.

To stem the tide of suspicion, Jimly ensured that he would maintain MKMK's

independence to restore public confidence in the Court. In particular, Jimly emphasized that

his support for Prabowo was less important than restoring the dignity of the Constitutional

Court that he worked so hard to establish two decades ago. "It's not important. Everyone has

the right to choose, but our problem is not that. This judge is on trial. So don't link it first,"

Jimly told BBC Indonesia. He also said, "I am the founder of the Constitutional Court. I have

a responsibility. We made the Constitutional Court 20 years ago with blood. Now we want to

destroy it from within and from outside. Let's get it right. I am not willing to be destroyed like

this," Jimly then emphasized that MKMK would move quickly to resolve these cases to restore

public trust in the Constitutional Court.

The Constitutional Court Honor Council (Majelis Kehormatan MK) held its first hearing

on Thursday (26/10) regarding alleged ethical violations in the Constitutional Court's

decision on the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates.

tua MKMK, Jimly Asshiddiqie

, me

mimpin sidang te

rbuka de

ngan age

nda klarifikasi

pada pihak-pihak pe

lapo

r di Ge

dung II Mahkamah Ko

nstitusi RI pukul 10. 00 WIB. After

hearing explanations from each complainant, Jimly revealed that the trial process would take

30 days and MKMK needed to move quickly in examining the reports. "Then the trial schedule

will be determined later, we will arrange the trial schedule. The minimum call is three days.

That means we have to be ready.

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"That means Tuesday (October 31, 2023) there will be a hearing. But who comes first,

we will organize it first," Jimmy said. Bintan Saragih, a member of MKMK, added that in the

next hearing, the complainants can bring evidence and immediately notify the witnesses who

will be present. "So that it can be rotated. This is only until November 24. This is serious,

people are waiting.

The MKMK hearing related to alleged ethical violations in the Constitutional Court's

decision on the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates will be held openly,

except during the examination of the reported party. There were nine reporting parties present

in the meeting room, both online and offline, including Furqan Jurdi, DPP. ARUN, Ahmad

Fatoni (LISAN Advocate), Perekat Nusantara & TPDI, PBHI, Denny Indrayana, LBH

Ciptakayara Keladilan, Gagum Ridhol Putra, et al., Jolhan Imanuell, et al., Nur Rahman, and

others.

Law academic reports Chief Justice to MKMK alleges violation of code of ethics

Representatives of Constitutional Law (Hukum Tata Negara) and State Administration

Law (Hari Anak Nasional) academics reported Constitutional Court Chief Justice Anwar

Usman for allegedly violating the ethics and behavior of constitutional judges. ICW researcher

Kurnia Ramadhana considered that the Constitutional Court's decision some time ago was not

by the law. "First, the argument presented by Anwar Usman a few days ago which said that the

examination of the law was an abstract test, not related to certain individuals, for us it was a

ridiculous argument," Kurnia told reporters at the Constitutional Court Building, Jalan Medan

Merdeka Barat, Central Jakarta, Thursday (26/10/2023).

"Why? Because if you read the application clearly, it specifically mentions the name of

the Mayor of Solo, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, who is the nephew of Anwar Usman," he

continued. Meanwhile, HTN and HAN representative Violla Relininda revealed several points

of reporting to the Constitutional Court. One of them is because of the conflict of interest when

examining and adjudicating the case. The first is regarding the potential conflict of interest

when examining and adjudicating case number 90, which provides space or privileges to the

nephew concerned to run for vice president, namely Solol Mayor Gibran Rakabuming Raka

and this has been confirmed by the person concerned registering to accompany Presidential

Candidate Prabowo Subianto," Violla said. The next two relate to the leadership of the Chief

Justice of the Constitutional Court, Anwar Usman. According to him, there is no judicial

leadership in examining and also deciding cases regarding testing the age requirements for

presidential and vice presidential candidates. "Why? Because one, it does not comply with the

procedural law as it should, because there is a process that is carried out in a hurry and also not

by procedures, especially in connection with not investigating irregularities in the form of

withdrawing the application," he said. "Then also, the absence of judicial leadership is related

to his leadership when facing the concurring opinion of two constitutional judges whose

substance turns out to be a dissenting opinion. So that it also creates an oddity in the decision

of the constitutional court", continued Violla. In addition, regarding Anwar Usman's comments

when the case had not been decided, namely when he gave a public lecture in Semarang some

time ago. In the public lecture, Anwar commented on the substance of the judicial review of

the law on the age requirement to become a presidential candidate and vice president "We hope

that this case can be examined objectively by the honorary panel of the constitutional court,

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then we also encourage a cooperative attitude from potential constitutional judges to be

presented as witnesses in this case," concluded Violla. The 16 academics are:

1. Pro

f. H. De

nny Indrayana, S. H., LL. M., Ph. D.

2. Pro

f. Dr. Hj. He

sti Armiwulan, S. H., M. Hum, C. M. C.

3. Pro

f. Muchamad Ali Safaat, S. H, M. H.

4. Pro

f. Susi Dwi Harijanti, S. H., LL. M., Ph. D

5. Dr. Aan E

Widiarto

, S. H., M. Hum.

6. Dr. Auliya Khasano

fa, S. H., M. H.

7. Dr. Dhia Al Uyun, S. H., M. H.

8. Dr. He

rdiansyah Hamzah, S. H., LL. M.

9. Dr. He

rlambang P. Wiratraman, S. H, M. H.

10. Iwan Satriawan, S. H., MCL., Ph. D.

11. Richo

Andi Wibo

, S. H., LL. M., Ph. D.

12. Dr. Yance

Arizo

na, S. H., M. H., M. A.

13. Be

ni Kurnia Illahi, S. H., M. H.

14. Bivitri Susanti, S. H., LL. M.

15. Fe

ri Amsari, S. H., M. H., LL. M.

16. Warkhatun Najidah, S. H., M. H.

Based on reports from academics, legal experts, and elements of society, the

Constitutional Court Honor Council (MKMK) decided that the Chief Justice of the

Constitutional Court Anwar Usman (Reported Judge) committed violations as stated in the

Sapta Karsa Hutama Principles of Impartiality, Principles of Integrity, Principles of Proficiency

and Equality, Principles of Independence and Principles of Decency and Decency. As a result,

MKMK dismissed Constitutional Judge Anwar Usman from the position of Chief Justice of

the Constitutional Court "Imposing sanctions of dismissal from the position of Chief Justice of

the Constitutional Court to the Reported Judge". This was said by MKMK Chairman Jimly

Asshiddiqie, accompanied by MKMK Members Wahiduddin Adams and Bintan R. Saragih, in

the MKMK Decision Number 02/MKMK/L/11/2023 which was held in the Plelnol Geldung I

Courtroom of the Constitutional Court on Tuesday (7/11/2023). Furthermore, in the verdict,

MKMK instructed the Vice President of the Constitutional Court within 2x24 hours after this

verdict was pronounced, to lead the implementation of the election of new leaders by the laws

and regulations. Furthermore, Anwar Usman does not have the right to run or be nominated as

the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court until his term of office ends. Anwar is also not

allowed to be involved in the examination and decision-making in the disputes over the results

of the Election of Candidates and Deputy Candidates, the Election of Members of the DPR,

DPD, and DPRD, as well as the Election of Governors, Regents and Mayors who have.

In the MKMK Decision Number 02/MKMK/L/11/2023, MKMK Member Bintan R.

Saragih gave a dissenting opinion. Bintan stated the dishonorable dismissal of Anwar Usman

as a Constitutional Judge. In the view of this academic who has been a lecturer since 1971,

Anwar has been proven to have committed serious violations. Only dishonorable dismissal

should be imposed for serious violations. "My basis for giving a different opinion is

"dishonorable dismissal" to the Reported Judge as a Constitutional Judge, in this case Anwar

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Usman, because the Reported Judge has been proven to have committed a serious violation.

The sanction for "serious violations" is only "dishonorable dismissal" and there are no other

sanctions as stipulated in Article 41 letter c and Article 47 of the Constitutional Court

Regulation Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court,"

said Bintan R. Saragih delivering a different opinion. Previously, MKMK had received 21

reports of alleged violations of the Code of Ethics and Behavior of Constitutional Judges

regarding the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning the

Examination of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections (Election Law). Based

on these reports, MKMK held an examination session. Finally, a decision was made. MKMK

divided the 21 reports into four decision classifications, namely MKMK Decision Number

02/MKMK/L/11/2023 on the alleged violation of the Code of Ethics and Behavior of

Constitutional Judges on the Report of Chief Justice Anwar Usman reported by Denny

Indrayana et al.; MKMK Decision Number 03/MKMK/L/11/2023 on the Report of Deputy

Chief Justice Sadi Isra reported by People's Advocacy for the Archipelago (ARUN), et al;

MKMK Decision Number 04/MKMK/L/11/2023 on the Report of Constitutional Judge Arief

Hidayat reported by Cipta Karya Keadilan Legal Aid Institute, et al.; and MKMK Decision

Number 05/MKMK/L/11/2023 against the Reporting Constitutional Judges Manahan M.P.

Sitompu, Enny Nurbaningsih, Wahiduddin Adams, Suhartoyo and Daniel Yusmic P. Foekh

and M. Guntur Hamzah (Constitutional Judges) reported by the Indonesian Legal Aid and

Human Rights Association (PBHI), et al.

After the decision to dismiss the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court by MKMK,

this received a response from the Chairperson of PDI Perjuangan, Megawati Soekarnoputri,

during a speech related to the current political dynamics which was broadcast online, on

Sunday (12/11/2023). Megawati revealed that MKMK's decision to nine constitutional judges

was a bright light amid the darkness of democracy. The General Chairperson of the PDI-P

(PDI-P), Megawati Soekarnoputri, appreciated the decision handed down by the Honorary

Council of the Constitutional Court (Majelis Kehormatan MK) to the nine judges of the

Constitutional Court (MK) regarding the Constitutional Court's decision on the age limit for

presidential and vice presidential candidates. Megawati said that the decision was a

manifestation that politics was still based on truth and common sense. She called the

Constitutional Court's decision on the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates

a constitutional legal engineering. "The MKMK decision has provided a bright light amid the

darkness of democracy. The MKMK's decision is proof that moral strength, politics of truth,

and politics of common sense still stand strong despite facing constitutional legal engineering,"

she said in a speech entitled 'After a Long Wait, It's Time to Express Conscience' which was

broadcast online on YouTube PDI Perjuangan, Sunday (12/11/2023). Megawati emphasized

that the constitution is the institution of the life of the nation and state that must be followed

properly. Then, she remembered when she was still serving as the 5th President of the Republic

of Indonesia.

Megawati recounted her struggles when establishing this Constitutional Court institution

such as making laws to finding a building for the activities of judges and employees. "With its

role being so important, I was very serious in working on its establishment. I as President,

accompanied by the Minister of State Secretary, looked for the building myself and I decided

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near the Palace, which is a very strategic place called Ring One so that the Constitutional Court

must be useful, not for individuals, but for the people, nation, and state," Megawati also

explained that the ideals of the establishment of the Constitutional Court were a form of

people's resistance to face the authoritarian government in the New Order era. "It was not an

easy and beautiful process. Because at that time, until now, we should still remember with a

sad heart the sacrifices of the people and students through the events of Kudatuli, Trisakti,

Semanggi, to various abductions of activists, part of the people and others." "There are many

living witnesses who have remained silent until now." However, reflecting on the formation of

the Constitutional Court, which she said was full of sacrifices, Megawati regretted the

Constitutional Court in the current era. She said there were various legal manipulations carried

out in the Constitutional Court. According to her, This is because the government ignores the

truth and does politics without conscience. "It is all due to the practice of power that has ignored

the ultimate truth, politics based on conscience". Reflecting on the Constitutional Court's

decision on the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates, Megawati also hopes

that the public will guard the 2024 elections wholeheartedly. "We make the 2024 elections a

momentum to get the best leader who truly represents the entire will of the Indonesian people,

nurturing, so that Indonesia becomes a great nation, superior and stands on its own feet," she

said. In general, Megawati emphasized that legal engineering should not happen again in the

future. She revealed that the law must be a tool to realize justice, and truth and protect the

Indonesian people. "With this justice, prosperity will surely be realized, so continue to hold

tightly to the spirit of reform." "Don't forget to continue to guard democracy based on

conscience. Do not be afraid to speak out, to have an opinion as long as everything remains

rooted in the will of the people," Megawati said

The Importance of Cadre and Adherence to Principles in Political Parties

PDIP has endorsed the candidate pair Ganjar Pranowo and Mahfud MD to run in the

2024 presidential election. At this point, the decision must be obeyed by all PDIP cadres and

members, again including Gibran as a PDIP cadre. If there are cadres and party members who

do not comply, said Basarah, then it is the same as if the cadre has violated the rules and ethics.

Likewise in the case of Gibran. The Mayor of Solo has chosen not to comply with the party's

decision line by advancing as a candidate for vice president. By itself in political ethics, Gibran

has left the PDIP membership. "The decision that has been taken by Mrs. Megawati

Soekarnoputri and even running for vice president outside the party's decision line, then in

terms of the party constitution, in terms of party rules he (Gibran) has committed

insubordination. Has done something different from the party's decision line," said Basarah at

the DPP PDIP Party School, South Jakarta, Saturday (28/10/2023).

Basarah added, without having to issue dismissal sanctions, the public had also assessed

that Gibran wanted to leave the PDIP and wanted to compete in the 2024 Pipres contest with

Prabowol Subianto. On the other hand, PDIP is also still waiting for Gibran's organizational

ethics to submit a letter of resignation and return the PDIP membership card to the Solo PDIP

DPC. "So what we are waiting for is the political ethics of Mas Gibran, who is now running

for vice president. So we are waiting for political ethics to accept the PDIP KTA. If you borrow

the term Mas Rudy (Keltua DPC PDIP Solol), if the eastern people come, their faces appear,

their backs appear," said Basarah. Previously, after carrying out the pipes registration stage,

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Gibran Rakabuming Raka returned to work as Mayor of Surakarta. Gibran admitted that there

were several tasks he wanted to complete after taking leave for vice presidential registration.

One of them is meeting the chairman of the Solo PDI-P DPC to submit a PDI-P membership

card (KTA) as a sign that he is no longer a PDI-P cadre. The Chairman of the Solo PDI-P DPC,

FX Hadi Rudyatmo, requested that Gibran immediately submit his resignation and submit the

KTA to the Solo PDI-P DPC. "Sola it (KTA PDI-P) is clear. Yes, later I will meet Mr. Rudy

(Chairman of the Solo PDI-P DPC)," said Gibran, Friday (27/10/2023) Kompas TV.

Ahmad Basarah Calls Gibran Dissident, Reported by designers earlier, Ahmad Basarah

called Gibran a dissident. According to him, PDIP cadres must be upright with the direction of

PDIP Ketum Megawati Soekarnoputri regarding the candidate and vice president being carried.

"In terms of party, we also have rules of the game. In terms of state, all Indonesian citizens are

bound by national agreements which become the rule of the game for our society, nation, and

state," Basarah told reporters at the PDIP Cadre School, Lenteng Agung, South Jakarta. "So

PDIP cadres, let alone a cadre like Mas Gibran who has received the party's mandate, the

people's mandate in Solo City to become Mayor of Solo, so naturally he is one of the PDIP

elites," continued Basarah. He believes Gibran understands the articles of association of the

PDIP. He then called Gibran insubordinate. "So in terms of the party constitution, in terms of

party rules he has committed insubordination, has done something different from the party's

decision line. Then by itself, above the law, there is political ethics. So when Mas Gibran

decided to get out of the political decision line for the 2024 Pipres by nominating himself as a

vice president," said Basarah (Iman, 2023).

Political parties as one of the pillars of democracy have a very important role, one of

which is to prepare national leaders. On this basis, political parties are required to have good

recruitment patterns and regeneration mechanisms. However, in reality, the majority of

political parties today have not been able to carry out proper recruitment patterns and

regeneration mechanisms because political parties are influenced by kinship politics, as well

as instant regeneration mechanisms from among artists because they are considered to be able

to gain votes due to their popularity. As a result, many party cadres who become national

leaders are unable to fulfill the duties and responsibilities given and often abuse them for

personal interests and their relatives.

Bung Hatta once stated that regeneration is the framework of nationalism because

regeneration is the same as planting seeds to produce future leaders of the nation, leaders in

their time must plant. The reason why leadership regeneration is so necessary is because all

humans, including those who are now leaders, will one day end their leadership, whether they

want to or not.

The process can occur because of several factors that make why leadership regeneration

is very necessary, including (Rivai, 2006): a. The provisions of a person's leadership period in

an organization b. The rejection of group members who want a change of leadership, either

naturally or unnaturally c. The process of aamiah, namely the age that becomes old and loses

the ability to lead (Retirement) d. Fatigue el. Death e. Can form an organization with an

estimate of the amount of availability of leaders needed in the future on an ongoing basis.

The next important analysis to discuss is the need for principled regeneration in the party

and its influence on the political ethics of national leadership in Indonesia. Especially the

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advancement of Gibran as the vice presidential candidate in the 2024 elections. The term

regeneration comes from the word "cadre", cadre originally came from a military term or

struggle derived from the word carde which is defined as the permanent development of a core

force that is needed at any time (Nanang Fattah, 2009). In its definition according to the popular

scientific dictionary, regeneration is a person who is educated to continue the baton of a party

or organization (Partanto, 1994). In other words, cadres are defined as people who are expected

to play an important role in an organization.

Cadre and recruitment are two things that are part of the process of producing a leader.

In this case, we can see the difference between regeneration and recruitment itself. According

to Tead, leadership regeneration is the process of preparing someone to become a future

successor leader who will assume important and great responsibilities within an organization.

Therefore, this leadership regeneration process refers more to a process of moving a group of

people toward a predetermined goal without coercion (Kartono Kartini, 2006). While the

definition of recruitment according to Ivancevich recruitment is a set of organizational

activities used to attract prospective employees who have the abilities and attitudes needed to

help the organization achieve its goals. According to Cholisin, recruitment in political

recruitment, for example, is the selection and appointment of a person or group to carry out

several roles in the political system in general and government in particular.

Political recruitment usually includes the selection, selection, and appointment of a

person or group of people to carry out several roles in the political system in general and the

government in particular (Surbakti, 1992). But in reality, the implementation between

regeneration and recruitment is still ambiguous in national politics, where there are still many

parties that find it difficult to distinguish between the two. In the regeneration process, there

are two kinds of processes, namely: informal regeneration and formal regeneration. In informal

regeneration, the process can be seen from the daily life of people in the community. This is

seen from childhood to adolescence and adulthood as a process of identity formation so that it

has an advantage and can compete in every aspect of social life.

In informal regeneration, several criteria or indicators show its advantages, namely

(Rivai, 2013):

a. Positive personality

b. Persistent

c. have loyalty

d. Dedication to the organization

e. Having the nature and attitude of surrendering to God as the absolute determinant. Formal

regeneration, regeneration is more formal in a planned, systematic, directed, and

institutionalized way by the rules and laws that apply in the organization.

Political parties are considered to be the only institutions that channel the nation's leaders

and state officials because political parties have a role, one of which is political recruitment.

As stated, as state institutions that have the same political ideals and stand to be a tool for the

nation's struggle, in general, political parties have a role as a means of political communication,

political socialization, political recruitment, and conflict management. Furthermore, Azwar

melnjellaskan Pelrfolrma pollitik party which delmikian crucial melnyelbabkan mellelmahkan

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pelran and function selbagai lelmbaga /olrganisasi nelgara. The weakening of the political

party's performance is caused by several factors, such as the low quality of polla relkrutmeln

and melanism kadelrisasi within the political party. Instead, what is growing and developing is

the strengthening of kinship politics and also the launching of instant candidates. According to

the Director of Elkselkutif Poll-Trelking Institute Hanta Yuda, family politics damages the

channel of deliberation, disrupts the rhythm of deliberation because it is not conscious, because

deliberation is based on the community, as we are currently witnessing in the community,

Gibran's advancement to become Cawaprels also cannot be separated from the instantaneous

assessment of the community, which cannot be separated from Gibran's belief at the moment

(Azwar, 2008).

If the recruitment pattern and regeneration mechanism are good, it will produce qualified

and capable cadres as well, and vice versa. The production of qualified and capable cadres will

certainly highlight the political parties from which the cadres emerge. So, the quality of cadres

in political parties is strongly influenced by the recruitment patterns and regeneration

mechanisms of the party. It can be imagined that if political parties as a source of national

leaders do not have good recruitment patterns and regeneration mechanisms, this will certainly

lead to various problems, one of which is shown by the existence of kinship politics. The

growth and development of kinship politics.

When the DPP PDIP assigned Gibran as Mayor, according to the PDIP leadership it was

appropriate, there must be regeneration (meris system) in the party. So when Gibran made a

decision that was different from the PDIP Party's constitutional line, he was called an

Interdisciplinary cadre (insubordinate), Placement carried out by cadres in the form of cadre

assignments such as involving cadres in organizational activities that aim to provide direct

experience and knowledge. And the last element is the party's obligation to direct the cadre's

career by giving responsibilities such as making cadres as regional head candidates or

legislative candidates, it can also distribute cadres to strategic positions in government by the

potential and abilities possessed by cadres. PDI Perjuangan as a large party certainly has a

system.

The Importance of Merit in Public Office

The power to appoint candidates for office by the merit system, the skills system, and

based on the competence and moral honesty of candidates, has been known as meritocracy.

Meritocracy in office is the inherent power of a person who is the leader and has the right to

appoint him. The process of power involving someone who has the right to appoint using the

merit system in a government or non-government organization is a routine that we often

encounter. A good system is that its realization is very dependent on who is the person who

uses the system. If the people are ethical and based on strong religious morals, a true

meritocracy will be born and benefit many people.

Meritocracy can result in different practices than it should because it is influenced by

other factors. The quality of the leaders in charge of establishing meritocracy has a strong

influence. Leaders who love power and whose moral-ethical foundation is weak can undermine

meritocracy. Leaders who cleverly use scientific academic studies can use meritocracy to build

a modern government that satisfies their ego.

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This kind of behavior by leaders must be understood as creating a discriminatory factor.

People instead of understanding the legal rules that apply, must find who determines the right

place and the appropriate time to fit the solution (Thoha, 2016). A good leader must meet the

standards of the merit system theory, which is as follows; The principle of the merit system

aligns aspects of competence (competence), qualification (qualification), performance

(performance), fair (fairness), and open (open). In the appointment of merit positions, it should

be a value that is upheld to obtain professionalism, although the merit system is more used for

ASN, prospective public officials must also know that it is important to master the science of

bureaucracy and pursue a career either as a state official, or in the party system. In order not to

cause social jealousy, the science of meritocracy is equally how to build branding to be a good

public servant. In this case, Gibran must master a lot of meritocracy if Gibran wants to become

a respected state official and must also be tested by time and space.

CONCLUSION

Ethics is an intellectual choice of good and right based on ideal and material approaches.

If we look closely at the national and international levels, ethics is incarnated as a legal law

that has a political impact. While at the individual or communal micro level, ethics has a moral

impact. Although in reality they often blend, basically ethics at a high level is a law with

concrete sanctions, while at a low-level ethics is morality with mental sanctions.

Criticizing the advancement of Gibran Rakabuming Raka to become Prabowo

Subiyanto's vice president in the 2024 presidential election, not judging Gibran as an

individual, but Gibran's current status as Prabowo's vice president who has registered with the

Indonesian KPU this has caused controversy for the Constitutional Court and the community,

as well as political parties (PDIP) who have paved the way for Gibran to become the mayor of

Solo who is currently serving (serving) has only been running for 2 years not as long as his

duties as mayor, while PDIP with the Party's decision has decided on its presidential and vice

presidential candidates, namely; Ganjar Pranowo and Prof. Dr. Mahfud MD. Dr. Mahfud MD.

In terms of party and political ethics, Gibran has violated the rules of his party.

With the decision of the MKMK to dismiss the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court

Anwar Usman, it turns out that the institution that is a reference for the Law Courts can still be

restored to its dignity in society. The next step is that judges in deciding cases must be

independent without being intervened by power, for any reason. Law must be the commander

in upholding democracy in Indonesia. Finally, in terms of political ethics, the Indonesian nation

violates the values of politeness and propriety, because the Indonesian nation highly upholds

the values of propriety, and kindness, in the organization, society, nation, and state. Personal

freedom still has social limits, what are the restrictions (social rules)? Social rules are made to

maintain the common interests of living peacefully amid society in the nation and state.

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(2024)

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