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JOSS :

Journal of Social Science

ACCUPPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

FOR ZERO ACCIDENTS IN PALM OIL PLANTATION

COMPANIES IN WEST BORNEO

Zainal Abidin

Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak, Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected]

KEYWORDS

Knowledge Sharing,

Employee

Performance, Zero

Accident, Palm Oil

Mill.

ABSTRACT

This research is a qualitative study that aims to explore the impact of

implementing the Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja

(SMK3) and Zero Accident on improving employee performance through

the knowledge-sharing process. The research method involved in-depth

interviews with factory management, supervisors, and employees, as well

as on-site observations. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative

approach, highlighting key findings related to the implementation of Sistem

Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3), Zero Accident,

and knowledge-sharing practices in the work environment. The results

showed that the implementation of Zero Accident significantly influenced

the awareness of occupational safety and health among employees. The

knowledge-sharing process was identified as a key factor in improving

collective understanding of safety practices, as well as improving overall

performance. The findings contribute to further understanding of how

Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) integrity

and Zero Accident can be combined with knowledge-sharing practices to

achieve a safer and more productive work environment. The implications of

this study can provide practical guidance for palm oil mills and similar

industries to improve the effectiveness of their safety strategies by

considering knowledge sharing as an important component in developing a

sustainable safety culture.

INTRODUCTION

In the world of the palm oil processing industry, almost all processes use auxiliary

equipment both manual and even mechanized and automated systems, which in the end always

refers to work processes that pose a risk to workers (Almost et al., 2018).

From the data that can be collected through labor data and from the Badan Penyelenggara

Jaminan Sosial (BPJS), it appears that there are quite large work accidents that occur every

year. Meanwhile, the industry must run well and measurably without any work accidents arising

from the processes carried out (Liu et al., 2020).

All palm oil industries want this palm oil processing process to be committed to a safe

and comfortable process for both workers and management, therefore a Standard Operating

Procedure (SOP) is regulated that can guarantee the implementation of work with a method that

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is also hired by the government by issuing the application of Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan

Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) which aims to ensure that the process at the Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS)

does not occur work accidents which in the end the Industry can predicate zero accident Pabrik

Kelapa Sawit (PKS) (Salmah et al., 2023).

Palm oil is a leading commodity in the plantation sector and a major contributor to foreign

exchange for Indonesia to date. Palm oil is a very important commodity so that Indonesia can

maintain its position as the world's largest palm oil producer and can gradually become a

reference for the vegetable oil industry at the international (global) level. Oil palm is one of the

plantation crops that produces the largest economic value per hectare in the world (Khaswarina,

2001). The area of oil palm plantations and the production of oil palm plantations in Indonesia

continue to increase every year which is estimated to range between 2-4% (Harahap, 2011).

Similarly, Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production, especially for export, is expected to continue to

increase at an average of 5-6% per year (Arikunto, 2010).

The increasing demand for CPO exports has led to the development of palm oil companies

that build palm oil mills to produce CPO using high-tech machines with large capacities that

operate even up to 24 hours per day. Indonesia is the world's largest producer and exporter of

CPO to meet domestic and foreign needs, followed by Malaysia, Thailand, Nigeria, Colombia,

and Papua New Guinea. According to Ferrianta CPO has ranked highest since 2004 in the world

vegetable oil market at around 30 million tons with an average growth of 8% per year. This is

supported by the data of Perkebunan Besar Swasta (PBS) which accounts for 52.49% of the

total area and 56.63% of the total production over the Perkebunan Rakyat (PR) and Perkebunan

Besar Negara (PBN)

To keep pace with the development of palm oil mills, human resources are needed in the

number and qualifications as needed. These human resources or labor must have the

competence to operate the machines or equipment in the palm oil mill correctly, safely, and

according to the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to avoid accidents to achieve the zero

accident target, whether caused by workers or machines. The type of tools or equipment used

can also cause various diseases from a non-conducive work environment, such as dusty rooms,

dusty work floors, oily work floors, dark and poorly lit spaces, lack of air circulation with no

ventilation, and others (Moyce & Schenker, 2018).

Occupational Safety and Security (OSH) is a term that is usually always associated with

a state of freedom from accidents or near-misses (Jakarta, 2013). K3 is a thought and effort to

ensure the integrity and perfection both physically and spiritually of the workforce, especially

humans, their work, and culture towards a just and prosperous society (Chari et al., 2018).

According to The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), to reduce the

number of victims of workplace accidents in the industrialized world, accidents should be

treated as business crimes for which company owners and managers are held accountable.

Company owners must also have empathy and serious attention to every accident in the

workplace. Companies with poor industrial space conditions will face workplace accidents.

Behind that, many workers do not know their rights to be able to work safely. Based on this

picture, the implementation of workplace safety is very important for the industrial world today

(Darmastuti, 2010).

Several theories on workplace accidents have been developed, especially related to the

factors that can cause workplace accidents. In general, two factors cause accidents, namely

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unsafe actions (human factors) and unsafe conditions (environmental factors). According to

research, 80-85% of accidents are caused by unsafe actions, namely human factors caused by a

lack of understanding and ignoring the importance of using Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE) when working (da Silva & Amaral, 2019).

In general, Human Resources (HR) is an important factor of a company, in human

resource management all employees in the company as one of the main keys that are important

to achieve success (Panggabean, 2020). Work discipline is very beneficial both for the benefit

of the organization and for all employees. As for the organization, the existence of work

discipline will ensure the maintenance of order and smoothness in carrying out tasks, to obtain

optimal results (Hadipoetro, 2014). As for employees, it can create a pleasant work atmosphere

and will increase their enthusiasm for work and can also complete their work properly. Thus,

to achieve the success and success of the company, a protection and order guideline is needed

to get very satisfying work results, so that the company profits employees are also profitable

and healthy (Rahmawati et al., 2020).

Lack of knowledge about how to work and ergonomic work attitudes are factors that

cause these problems. In their activities during work there are risks encountered in the work,

ranging from the occurrence of mild risk incidents to severe risks that result in accidents or

work accidents, but often in the present time things that become Occupational Safety and Health

(K3) tools are always ignored for various reasons such as not feeling comfortable at work. So

it is necessary to warn about the quality of human resources in the consistent implementation

of the Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3). With the implementation

of SMK3, there can be an increase in efficiency, and the productivity of the company can be

realized properly (Manu et al., 2018).

OHS issues in Indonesia are still often neglected. This is indicated by the high number of

work accidents, of course, it is very concerning that the level of concern in the business world

for OHS is still low, even though employees are an important asset of the company.

Government Regulation (PP) No. 50 the Year 2012 regarding the implementation of SMK3 has

been enacted in Jakarta. The Government Regulation is the implementation of Article 87 of the

Law. No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, in PP No. 50 of 2012, all employers are required

to implement SMK3, especially companies with a minimum workforce of 100 people or

companies with a high potential for work accidents. The importance of implementing SMK3 is

to achieve company targets and personal protection for employees in reducing the risk of work

accidents and applying to employees using personal protective equipment (PPE).

Human resources are the most important determinant of success in implementing and

carrying out the vision, and mission, to achieve company targets. Human resources are very

important to get more attention from a company, one of which is by providing Occupational

Safety and Health (OHS) protection to all employees (Widiyanti & Airlangga, 2018). Attention

in the aspect of OHS training and certification in the HR department for prospective employees

also ensures they get an evaluation or assessment of performance. In addition to prospective

employees, the department must also train all managers to create performance standards that

are considered good by making accurate assessments (Sukmanegara, 2020).

The objectives of the research are to Know the overall picture, review and analyze the

application of the Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) based on

Government Regulation No. 50 of 2012 in Palm Oil Plantation Companies in West Kalimantan

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Province, Know the overall picture, review and analyze the application of knowledge sharing

related to the Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) within Palm Oil

Plantation Companies in West Kalimantan Province, Know the overall picture, Knowing the

overall picture, reviewing and analyzing the various efforts that can be made by Palm Oil

Plantation Companies in Kalimantan Province to prevent work accidents in order to create a

Zero Accident, Knowing the overall picture, reviewing and analyzing the application of the

Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) in Palm Oil Plantation

Companies in West Kalimantan Province which is supported by the application of knowledge

sharing in preventing work accidents and improving employee performance, Designing a

conceptual model of a management system that can be applied within Palm Oil Plantation

Companies in West Kalimantan Province so that Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) can

be implemented effectively and efficiently.

METHOD RESEARCH

The method used in this research is ethnography. Ethnography is an empirical and

theoretical approach that aims to obtain an in-depth description and analysis of culture based

on intensive field research. The purpose of ethnographic research is to provide a holistic

picture of the research subject with an emphasis on capturing the daily experiences of

individuals by observing and interviewing them and others in contact (Ilbahar et al., 2018).

According to (Creswell & Poth, 2016) "to be able to understand the cultural patterns

(clustering) of a group, ethnographers usually spend a long time, both for interviews,

observations and in collecting supporting research documents". On the one hand,

ethnographic research as part of a qualitative approach is difficult to achieve, because it takes

a long time, but on the other hand, this long time can convince us more about the results of

the research before determining conclusions.

This research uses ethnographic methods to find out whether the Sistem Manajemen

Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) implemented in the Industry which is also controlled

by the government can inhibit the rate of work accidents at Palm Oil Mills (PKS), especially

in Palm Oil Plantation Companies in West Kalimantan Province.

The research site is PT Kalimantan Argo Pusaka located in Kayong Regency, North

which has not implemented SMK3. The time used by researchers for this research was carried

from the date of issuance of the research permit in approximately 2 (2) months.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The population in this study includes Oil Palm Plantation Companies in West Kalimantan

Province consisting of Foreign Penanam Model Asing (PMA) and Penanam Modal Dalam

Negeri (PMDN) / Local Companies. From so many populations of Oil Palm Plantation

Companies in Prov. West Kalimantan which consists of various PMDN and PMA companies,

then to get realistic data and focus on research with precision accuracy, 4 representative Palm

Oil Plantation Companies are taken, namely PT Sarana Esa Cita, PT Kalimantan Agro Pusaka,

PT Sinarmas Group which is a PMDN Company and PT Cargill Group which is a PMA

Company. In this study, the Manager and the OHS or legal section of the company concerned

are the objects of research.

The Implementation of Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) based

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on Government Regulation No. 50 Year 2012 in Palm Oil Plantation Company of West

Kalimantan Province.

Human Resources

The implementation of protection and health for these workers also cannot be separated

from the role of qualified resources, wherein the implementation and supervision process there

is a need for basic knowledge so that palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province always

conduct training for workers to improve the level of their resources.

This resource is carried out by providing training on related competencies on how to

operate work machines, this is because the operation of the machine cannot be done without

sufficient experience and competence when operating the machines in the factory cannot be

activated carelessly, where previously the responsible workers must first conduct training and

direction. This is Alfret Olang's explanation as SPO Assistant & General Expert of PT Kartika

Prima Cipta (SINARMAS) below:

''If we usually convey to them, related to SMK3, usually socialization introduces related

to the work safety management system in the company, now the most common thing they

understand that means they know that we have implemented SMK3 by conveying them every

morning related to safe work, then what PPE should be used, how to replace it, how to manage

it and maintain it, then if it is to the operator, usually the same, we collect it we convey by

giving examples related to how the management system is implemented in the plantation.''

This opinion is reinforced by Suprianus Y. Liubana as SPO Officer of PT Persada Graha

Mandiri (SINARMAS) as follows:

''We brief them, we socialize them, we always do it every morning, before going to work

we always remind them, for example in small things, like using PPE, they have to use it, if they

don't use it we have to tell them to go back and get it, because it's for their safety, not ours,

even though we tell them every day, it's for them too, not for us.''

Several General OHS Experts and SPO Officers from several palm oil mills in West

Kalimantan Province have conducted coaching and socialization to field employees by

introducing related work safety management systems in the company (Li & Guldenmund,

2018). Socialization of understanding related to the use of PPE in each job according to its

type. To carry out the work, people who are qualified to do the job must be selected and receive

training. Then also when working it is necessary to apply what is called workformit.

Infrastructure and Facilities

One regulation that includes other bodies is also to provide health facilities for workers

if they suffer injuries or accidents at work. In several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan

Province, special clinics are also provided for workers if someone is injured at work, where

there are medical workers every day, and if the facilities in the clinic are insufficient, the

company will involve outside health parties. Provision of safety facilities is also provided by

providing first aid boxes in the factory.

The involvement of this other agency is with the Badan Pemberian Jaminan Sosial

(BPJS), the company involves this agency to provide social security to every worker in the

company without exception, to provide guarantees for the safety, health, and welfare of

workers of several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province.

The provision of safety facilities for workers cannot be separated from communication

between workers and superiors in terms of its fulfillment. This is Alfret Olang's explanation as

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SPO Assistant & General K3 Expert of PT Kartika Prima Cipta (SINARMAS) below:

''If it's a regular replacement, as long as it means that when it's damaged, there's damage,

replace it, damage it, he reports to his supervision so that the supervision will communicate to

the office for replacement.''

This opinion is reinforced by Suprianus Y. Liubana as SPO Officer of PT Persada Graha

Mandiri (SINARMAS) as follows:

''If our procedure is to go to the clinic if he is only sick, he will ask for a letter of

introduction, a letter of introduction to treatment, he must inform the foreman after the foreman

he will go to the assistant in will ask there for a signature, then he will sign to the KTU, after

the KTU then he will take it to the clinic for treatment there.''

Some SPO Assistant & General OHS Expert, SPO Officer, Assistant Head, Boiler &

Heavy Equipment Operator, and General OHS Expert from several palm oil mills in West

Kalimantan Province already have facilities and infrastructure that can support the

implementation of SMK3. Starting from the PPE that has been provided by each company.

Standard PPE from the company, such as helmets, glasses, face shields, and safety shoes.

Clinics provide treatment for employees who have accidents or are unwell. The application of

SMK3 is always socialized both from direct superiors and from signs made in the success of

the work safety program.

Hazard identification, risk assessment, and control

Control Measures

This inspection aims to be able to find sources that will become hazards before accidents

and occupational diseases occur. This inspection has a very important role in the

implementation of labor safety and health protection because, in addition to preventing

potential hazards, it also aims to control and supervise sources of danger that could arise.

In addition, this inspection also aims to be used as meeting material for workers leaders

and management committees regarding issues of health safety in the work area. This inspection

is carried out not only by looking at the condition of the working area but also by checking the

machines and equipment in the factory by looking at the effectiveness of the machines in each

division, by holding this inspection, it will be known whether there are machines that are no

longer suitable for function, this aims to prevent the risk of accidents caused by machines that

are no longer effective.

This is by the following explanation from Agus Kurnia Utama as Mill Manager of PT

Kalimantan Agro Pusaka:

''There is monitoring. O ... at most twice a month but the time is not determined. Random,

even then it is carried out by the OHS team from the director's office, not the director's office

so we have an OHS team specifically for the plantation and factory later Mr. Priyanto might

want to meet the OHS as well.''

This opinion was reinforced by Heru Sulistiyono Mill Manager of PT PMA as follows:

''Yes, for monitoring, of course we have supervision, it's in the work location, right, the

second is when entering the factory, we have security to ensure that, then we are assisted again

with the intervention program, so everyone can intervene with others, right, when they are seen

in unsafe conditions, including PPE if they don't wear it, they will be reprimanded directly then

inputted, inputted in the inablon, then in the inablon, it will be e... what's the name witnessed

by anyone, so who violates, then who e... does not violate well, who does not comply, then stop

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work or stop, then what's the name, stop there, then stop the work or stop the work. ... what is

the name is witnessed by anyone, so who violates, then who e.. not violating well, who is not

compliant, then who reprimands, then what is the name, stop there yes, then stop work or stop

his activities, then complete first, then he returns to work, well that's running, that's what we

do to this day''.

Several Mill Managers and Estate Managers from several palm oil mills in West

Kalimantan Province have carried out controls in the form of monitoring that can support the

implementation of SMK3. Monitoring is carried out within a certain period, one company

conducts it every two months. During monitoring, the completeness of PPE and in general

matters related to SMK3 are checked. If there are employees who do not comply with SMK3,

a verbal warning will be given, followed by a work stoppage until the employee completes and

complies with the SMK3 rules.

Some operators of several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have carried out

K3 rules well which can support the implementation of SMK3. The monitoring role of the

leadership also makes employees comply with SMK3 rules which can avoid work accidents.

Monitoring is carried out by foremen and assistants every day according to their respective

shifts to inform them about OHS.

Efforts to Deal with Industrial Accidents and Disaster Emergencies

An emergency is the change of an activity/state or situation that was originally normal to

abnormal as a result of an event or incident that was not expected or desired. Emergencies can

be in the form of natural disasters, fires, work accidents, environmental pollution, and/or

commotion.

Emergency Management is an effort or action taken to overcome a situation that will

cause losses so that the unwanted situation or situation can be immediately overcome or

normalized and losses are minimized.

This is by the following explanation from Agus Kurnia Utama as Mill Manager of PT

Kalimantan Agro Pusaka:

"Identifying it we usually from the K3 team itself there are yes from K3 ita yes from the

K3 sir there they identify and they have a work program regarding occupational safety and

health then also to identify hazard problems also from each foreman, assistant, even operators

we always remind them, so to take care of each other, convey to each other if there are things

that need to be improved to support work safety so we always say we have to be pro-active and

important so we both take care."

This opinion was reinforced by Heru Sulistiyono Mill Manager of PT PMA as follows:

"Well ... Yes, we have many programs, later related to before work, we have a permit

system, right, that is before work, then there is the name shift focus inspection, so we go around

once a month, it is already on the agenda which stations we want to visit every month are

different, right, then we conduct interviews with employees or operators at the location, when

we visit right, Now the risks that exist in them, what we don't see in our eyes, right, so if they

do activities sometimes, we don't know whether it's night or stepping where, right, we don't

know, now we find out with the interview, now with the interview we can identify hidden

dangers, now we do that, it's called ship plan inspection, right, every month we have different

locations, then e... we have the name general position, right? we have the name general

position, well that's once a month, yes, that's already 2 right, traveling every month, so see the

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locations, then at that location what is unsafe, all staff plus, representatives from the operator

can see the operation, for example something is missing, something is broken we note it then

we make e... track label right, then we have a meeting to make a work plan, then when it closes,

that's what guarantees an old factory but still new."

Several Mill Managers and Estate Managers from several palm oil mills in West

Kalimantan Province have made efforts to deal with emergency accidents and industrial

disasters that can support the implementation of SMK3. K3 in the company identifies and the

company has a work program regarding occupational safety and health then also to identify

hazard problems from each foreman, assistant, and even operators we always remind them.

The company conducts interviews with employees or operators on-site, when the leader visits,

the risks that exist in the company, which the leader does not see.

Several operators from several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have made

efforts to deal with industrial accidents and disaster emergencies that can support the

implementation of SMK3. Workers are equipped with PPE in the form of helmets, safety shoes,

and earplugs. Then, when the morning ship changes, the leader informs about K3.

Implementation of Knowledge Sharing Related to Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan

Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) within Oil Palm Plantation Companies in West Kalimantan

Province

Knowledge sharing is one of the main processes in knowledge management which is a

broad opportunity to learn to all members of the organization so that they can improve their

competence independently. With the increase in competence owned by individuals, it is hoped

that it can improve the performance of these individuals.

This is by the following explanation from Alfret Olang as SPO Assistant & General OHS

Expert of PT Kartika Prima Cipta (SINARMAS):

"We usually convey to them, related to SMK3, usually socialization introduces related to

the work safety management system in the company, now the most common thing they

understand that there means they know that we have implemented SMK3 by conveying them

every morning related to safe work, then what PPE must be used, how to replace it, how to

manage it and maintain it, then if it is to the operator, usually the same, we collect it by giving

examples related to how the management system is implemented in the plantation."

This opinion is reinforced by Suprianus Y. Liubana as SPO Officer of PT Persada Graha

Mandiri (SINARMAS) as follows:

"Kasi briefing, kasi socialization to them, we always do it every morning, before leaving

for work we always remind them, for example in small things, like using PPE, you have to use

it, right if you don't use it we have to tell you to go back, get it, because it is for their safety,

not ours, was even though we tell them every day, right, for them too, not for us."

Some General OHS Experts and SPO Officers from several palm oil mills in West

Kalimantan Province have conducted a knowledge sharing related to SMK3 in the environment

of oil palm plantation companies in West Kalimantan Province to field employees by

implementing SMK3 by conveying every morning related to safe work, what PPE should be

used, how to replace it, how to manage it and maintain it, then if it is to the operator, usually

the same, the leader collects and conveys by giving examples related to how the

implementation of the management system is in the plantation.

Leaders provide direction, and socialization to workers is always carried out every

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morning. Socialization about workers using PPE if they are not wearing PPE, workers must go

back and get it, because it is for their safety.

In the inferordot and Safety program, there is the provision of knowledge both in terms

of awareness or in general, in general, we provide and there are qualifications. The factory is

not only socializing to provide knowledge sharing related to SMK3 in the environment of oil

palm plantation companies in West Kalimantan Province but there are also by posting appeals

as well, then, while working we socialize questions and answers, yes increasing their

knowledge as well, then, also when working we are now implementing what is called

workforce.

Sharing knowledge about this SMK3, one of the examples of employees, is one example

of evidence that has occurred elsewhere in terms of workplace accidents. Coaching and

socialization to field employees by introducing related work safety management systems in the

company. Guidance is carried out through training every month, live serving the cargil, and

briefings.

The OHS management system is not only one person who must be safe, not leaders who

must be safe, however, employees must also be safe or workers must be safe. Leaders must

give them an understanding and awareness of the importance related to OHS issues that we

must convey to each person in the company.

While walking while working while being trained also new ones in terms of work, the

leader said that K3, for example, in implementing dangerous work such as welding or others,

there must still be K3, K3 elements must be ready, must be prepared first so when welding

whether the fire extinguisher is ready, whether the water hose is ready, whether gloves, glasses,

PPE are prepared first, that is the task of the foreman and assistant, preparing it according to

the SOP, well if it is not implemented we will give a letter of reprimand.

Special training will be conducted for the speakers, so we also standardize the speakers

so that what is delivered in one unit is the same as in other units.

Efforts can be made by Palm Oil Plantation Companies in Kalimantan Province to

prevent work accidents in order to create Zero Accident.

Several companies have won the zero accident award in 2023 from the Ministry of

Manpower (Kemenaker RI). This achievement is a performance achievement in occupational

safety and health (K3). The Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3)

stipulates that companies must identify hazards, assess risks, and determine hazard control.

This is by the following explanation from Alfret Olang as SPO Assistant & General OHS

Expert of PT Kartika Prima Cipta (SINARMAS):

"As long as I am here there is no fatality, if an accident causes disability there is aa ....

Here, yes, in us, but in terms of insurance it is still guaranteed, he goes to BPJS Employment,

related to work accidents, right, now our way of conveying to bring them to avoid work

accidents is the first, we make a plan first, right, planning, there is a name for the term hazard

source identification risk control, now from there we plan for socialization, now work

identification, socialization plan, so the plan is included in identification and socialization,

then use, distribution of PPE, now so after identification for dangerous work, which is this,

then we do socialization to each station or per job, We usually do socialization there, related

to that, well after we give a presentation related to this socialization regarding the hazards

that exist in their work, well then after that we also convey related to the use of PPE, why this

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PPE must be used, because of this risk, if not used, For example, why do we have to give them

helmets with face shields, because to avoid them in identifying it, there is powder, the powder

when the fruit falls, there is powder, small tastes that fall, it is afraid that it will enter their

eyes, that's why we socialize to convey this "PPE, please use it", so, before they ee... make the

PPE we distribute at least they already understand that why the company distributes its PPE

to protect the eyes because of the danger of entering the eyes. . make the PPE we distribute at

least they already understand that why the company shares the PPE why the company has to

share "Oo ... the danger is actually for the PPE to protect the eyes" the eyes because of the

danger of entering foreign objects, when he harvests. That's one example, sir, so we make a

plan, identification, socialization, well after everything has been running, we evaluate again,

from this evaluation we look back from the implementation of PPE is good or not, then why

PPE is not good, back again, the socialization is appropriate or not, by the problems in front,

the problem of why it is not implemented, yes so in the evaluation we look again ee... this is

what is lacking in terms of socialization. ... this is what is lacking related to socialization,

meaning that the understanding of employees related to, for example, socialization is already

there, but why are there still those whose eyes feel, enter the plant feeling, well that means we

go back again oo ... means not all, well evaluated again, like that sir."

This opinion is different from the explanation of Suprianus Y. Liubana as SPO Officer

of PT Persada Graha Mandiri (SINARMAS) as follows:

"If there is no fatality in our place, there hasn't been, if it's like a minor. If it's a zero

accident in place, zero accident probably doesn't exist, because there must be something like

getting pricked by a thorn, we still have to report it, because that's included, zero accident

means nothing at all, right, that's unless it's something that gets pricked by a thorn, we don't

report it, only maybe something like a fatality, maybe it's a fall due to a graver, or a cut hand,

or a fall of a leaf on the head until this, that's what we report, but if this is it, we don't have it".

Several Assistant Heads and Mill Managers from several palm oil mills in West

Kalimantan Province have made efforts to prevent work accidents in order to create Zero

Accident. Fatality incidents, thank God, are not, but if they cause medical so workers cannot

work for a certain amount of time. There is a company that has been Zero Accident for six

months. Another company also had a Zero Accident for two years. This was explained by their

leader. Many programs are related to Zero Accident, the company has zero ha moment and

training. Then, they have media for socialization and review every week. The review is not just

one factory, what happens in all locations is reviewed. Then we track what the problems are

inside, working, we have a permit system.

The implementation of the Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) in the

Palm Oil Plantation Company of West Kalimantan Province is supported by the

application of knowledge sharing in preventing work accidents and improving employee

performance.

The existence of knowledge and the development of a knowledge-sharing culture in an

organizational environment can produce innovation and creative energy to improve the

performance of company people. Effective and efficient engagement leads to optimization in

the form of mindfulness, intrinsic motivation, creativity, authenticity, non-defensive

communication, and ethical behavior. Increased performance of the company and the business

as a whole, employees are more productive and happy with knowledge sharing.

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This is by the following explanation from Alfret Olang as SPO Assistant & General OHS

Expert of PT Kartika Prima Cipta (SINARMAS):

"If it is important, yes, it must be important, especially since we are mandated by the law

to implement a Safety Management System, right, now for the employees themselves, with the

existence of a safety management system, at least that before they work they already know for

sure that it is safe, right, the first thing they know is that it is safe to work, now when they start

the job they are sure that the work they are doing is going well, environmentally safe Because

by implementing the management system itself, each of the existing personal must have been

equipped with their respective expertise according to that, so we implement the management

system at the beginning, it must be in planning, then make the implementation design, then

monitoring and then reporting on the management system, so that if he knows that the employee

feels he is safe to work, make sure productivity will increase. "

This opinion is different from the explanation of Suprianus Y. Liubana as SPO Officer

of PT Persada Graha Mandiri (SINARMAS) as follows:

"As for the application of SMK3 for employees, it is probably quite good, for employees,

because it protects them too, to protect them at work, in everyday work, whether it is harvesting,

brand, maintenance, or any work, SMK3 must be applied in the work environment to improve."

Several Assistant Heads and Mill Managers from several palm oil mills in West

Kalimantan Province provide benefits or positive impacts on the safety of workers in the

company. For the benefit of employees, they can work more safely. They can be prosperous

and their productivity can be maintained. The benefits of SMK3 obtained from employees are

very many, one of which is safety and comfort at work. For management, one of the benefits

is that when there are zero accidents, we get one value, the value of trust from the government

system. Many benefits are obtained by the company, if employees are safe, of course, we can

measure productivity, secondly the cost of risk of losing working hours.

Discussion

Implementation of Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) based on

Government Regulation No. 50 Year 2012 in Palm Oil Plantation Company of West

Kalimantan Province.

Human Resources

Every organization needs to implement Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) in its

operational activities. Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) protects human resources,

namely by preventing accidents and occupational diseases. In Manpower Law No. 13/2003

Article 87 states that every company is required to implement an Occupational Safety and

Health Management System that is integrated with the company/organization management

system.

Work safety itself is all efforts to be able to maintain the conditions of a safe work

environment which includes materials, tools, machines, processing processes, work

environment, and procedures for carrying out work. From this explanation, it can be explained

that the purpose of work safety is to maintain all resources and be used safely and effectively

(Hari, 2018: 6).

The implementation of protection and health for these workers also cannot be separated

from the role of qualified resources, wherein the implementation and supervision process there

is a need for basic knowledge so that palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province always

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conduct training for workers to improve the level of their resources.

The results showed that several General OHS Experts and SPO Officers from several

palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have conducted coaching and socialization to field

employees by introducing related work safety management systems in the company.

Socialization of understanding related to the use of PPE in each job according to its type. To

carry out the work, people who are qualified to do the job must be selected and receive training.

Then also when working it is necessary to apply what is called workformit.

The process of sharing and creating tacit knowledge through interaction and direct

experience (Nonaka and Takeuchi in Tobing, 2007). SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) and

work safety rules are mandatory and can support occupational safety and health (OHS)

implementation programs. The effectiveness of the success of the occupational safety and

health (OHS) program will occur if there is good socialization and implementation between

the company and all workers. The program will run better when it starts from the fundamental

stage, namely the formation of a culture of occupational safety and health (Sirait, 2020).

Several Assistant Heads and Mill Managers from several palm oil mills in West

Kalimantan Province have conducted coaching and socialization to field employees by

introducing related work safety management systems in the company. Guidance is carried out

through monthly training, live server the cargil, and briefings.

Socialization of understanding related to the use of PPE in each job according to its type.

To carry out work, people who are qualified to do the job must be selected and receive training.

Then also when working it is necessary to apply what is called workformit. Furthermore, the

leadership provides SMK3 direction in implementing dangerous work such as welding or what

must still have K3 and K3 elements. Special training will be conducted for employees, the

speakers will be standardized so that what is conveyed in 1 unit is the same as other units.

As George Edward, in the book Public Policy by Chazali H. Situmorang, (2016: 228)

says that resources are needed to be able to carry out all policies so that implementation can

run effectively.

The results showed that several Boiler and Heavy Equipment Operators from several

palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have received several trainings conducted by

companies related to SMK3. Training is carried out both in the recruitment of employees who

will work directly in the field, as well as to employees who carry out work that is at high risk

of accidents.

Resources, in the implementation of the implementation, resources are needed to be able

to implement the policy properly and not let it be deficient during the implementation process,

if the policy implementation lacks resources, the implementation will be ineffective

(Situmorang, 2016: 228).

Infrastructure and facilities

One regulation that includes other bodies is also to provide health facilities for workers

if they suffer injuries or accidents at work. In several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan

Province, special clinics are also provided for workers if someone is injured at work, where

there are medical workers every day, and if the facilities in the clinic are insufficient, the

company will involve outside health parties. Provision of safety facilities is also provided by

providing first aid boxes in the factory.

The involvement of this other agency is with the Social Security Administration (BPJS),

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the company involves this agency to provide social security to every worker in the company

without exception, to provide guarantees for the safety, health, and welfare of workers of

several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province.

The provision of safety facilities for workers cannot be separated from communication

between workers and superiors in terms of its fulfillment, as George Edward, in the book Public

Policy by Chazali H. Situmorang, (2016: 228) describes that important aspects when

communicating are Transmission, Consistency, and Clarity. This is by knowing the tasks

carried out and the policies that must be carried out as well as accurate communication between

the two parties.

SPO Assistant & General OHS Expert, SPO Officer, Assistant Head, Boiler & Heavy

Equipment Operator, and General OHS Expert from several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan

Province already have facilities and infrastructure that can support the implementation of

SMK3. Starting from PPE that has been provided by each company. Standard PPE is from the

company, helmets, glasses, faces, and safety sapatu. Clinics are provided for treatment for

employees who have accidents or are unwell. The application of SMK3 is always socialized

both from direct superiors and from signs made in the success of the work safety program.

Hazard identification, risk assessment, and control

Control measures

The results showed that several Mill Managers and Estate Managers from several palm

oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have carried out controls in the form of monitoring that

can support the implementation of SMK3. Monitoring is carried out within a certain period,

one company does it every two months. During monitoring, the completeness of PPE and in

general matters related to SMK3 are checked. If there are employees who do not comply with

SMK3, a verbal warning will be given, followed by a work stoppage until the employee

completes and complies with the SMK3 rules.

According to Asiah (2020), Hazard identification is an effort to find out and estimate the

existence of hazards in the activities in the workplace, there are several parts carried out,

namely, welding, cutting, and drilling, as well as cold work, carried out at heights such as

painting pipe installation repairs, engine/pump repairs, and electrical repairs, civil and

mechanic. In every workplace there will be various risks at work, therefore it will be very

necessary to prevent and control which can reduce the number of work accidents. The initial

stage that must be considered by the agency or company is the identification of hazards and

risks at work. In general, the causes of work accidents also occur due to humans and unsafe

environments.

OHS experts and assistant heads of several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province

have carried out controls in the form of monitoring that can support the implementation of

SMK3. Make a report or make a report after reprimanding, make a report via cellphone then

report it to the system. Inspection of the use of PPE is usually carried out during field visits

along with socialization. Every month there is a recap of monitoring the use of PPE, every

month it is recapitulated, well that recap is to find out how much PPE is used. Then there is the

name 4M here, Seeing, Reprimanding, Stopping, Saving, for example, if he doesn't use PPE,

or his PPE is lacking, then he will be reprimanded, to use PPE, then next there are also records

of managers and also workers for one month.

Occupational Safety and Health (K3) is all efforts and methods that are held and

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implemented to anticipate, minimize, and overcome the occurrence of work accidents that

affect the stages of identification, analysis, and efforts to control potential hazards by

implementing a hazard control system correctly and implementing legislation related to

occupational safety and health (K3) (HARi, n.d.).

Procedures and Work Instructions

The results showed that several Mill Managers and Estate Managers from several palm

oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have carried out procedures and work instructions that

can support the implementation of SMK3. Using standard hydrants, various kinds of medicine

boxes are all audited. Implementation is by the legislation, then implemented, and supervision

is carried out in it. Then, the safety culture in the work area will automatically increase

employee productivity. K3 is one of the most important things in carrying out operational

activities if K3 is related to employee productivity.

Occupational safety and health is a preventive effort whose activities are mainly

identification, substitution, elimination, evaluation, and control of risks and hazards. Hazard

identification can be done by inspection, survey, and monitoring of the workplace and work

environment (Notoatmodjo, 2007).

OHS experts and assistant heads of several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have

carried out procedures and work instructions that can support the implementation of SMK3. A

job Hazard assessment is carried out, after that, there is just a permit, asking for approval from

the mill manager to the director, if there is a potential Highrisk job. Everything is provided

even from the SOPs before working, so people work following the SOPs. Provision of standard

PPE from the company, helmets, glasses, faces, and safety shoes.

Efforts to Deal with Industrial Accidents and Disaster Emergencies

Mill Managers and Estate Managers of several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan

Province have made efforts to deal with emergency accidents and industrial disasters that can

support the implementation of SMK3. K3 in the company identifies and the company has a

work program regarding occupational safety and health then also to identify hazard problems

from each foreman, assistant, and even operators we always remind them. The company

conducts interviews with employees or operators on-site, and when the leader visits, the risks

that exist in the company, which the leader does not see.

Several OHS experts and assistant heads of several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan

Province have made efforts to deal with industrial accidents and disaster emergencies that can

support the implementation of SMK3. First, the company observation program, there is what

is called Genco (general condition), then there is safety, safe plan inspection which focuses on

safe, Serious Injury Fatality, then there is also what we call lab safer, namely lab safer pre-

check and labs per begged, then also for workers, they also identify the risk of hazards in the

workplace that they will do their work, for example, they want to repair the gaster.

Second, conducting periodic checks, on the safety of the equipment. making a plan first,

planning is the name of the term hazard source identification risk control, from there we plan

for socialization. Identification of work, and socialization of plans, so the plan is included in

the identification and socialization of the use and distribution of PPE. So after identification

for hazardous work, then socialization is carried out at each station or per job, usually related

socialization is carried out, after being given delivery related to this socialization regarding the

hazards that exist in their work, after that, they also convey related to the use of PPE, why this

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PPE must be used. This evaluation looks back at the application of good PPE.

Several operators from several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have made

efforts to deal with industrial accidents and disaster emergencies that can support the

implementation of SMK3. Workers are equipped with PPE in the form of helmets, safety shoes,

and earplugs. Then, when the morning ship changes, the leader informs about K3.

Implementation of knowledge sharing related to Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan

Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) within Oil Palm Plantation Companies in West Kalimantan

Province

The results showed that several General OHS Experts and SPO Officers from several

palm oil mills in West Kalimantan Province have carried out a knowledge sharing related to

SMK3 in the environment of oil palm plantation companies in West Kalimantan Province to

field employees by implementing SMK3 by conveying every morning related to safe work,

what PPE must be used, how to replace it, how to manage it and maintain it, then if it is to the

operator, usually the same, the leader collects and conveys by giving examples related to how

the application of the management system is in the plantation.

Leaders provide direction, and socialization to workers is always carried out every

morning. Socialization about workers using PPE if they are not wearing PPE, workers must go

back and get it, because it is for their safety. Knowledge sharing is defined as the process of

identifying, disseminating, and utilizing existing knowledge to solve problems correctly. This

knowledge exists at various levels of the organization, namely at the individual, team, and

organizational levels, but what is important for organizations is knowledge sharing at the

individual level (Law and Ngai, 2008).

In the inferordot and Safety program, there is the provision of knowledge both in terms

of awareness or in general, in general, we provide and there are qualifications. The factory is

not only socializing to provide knowledge sharing related to SMK3 in the environment of oil

palm plantation companies in West Kalimantan Province but there are also by posting appeals

as well, then, while working we socialize questions and answers, yes increasing their

knowledge as well, then, also when working we are now implementing what is called

workforce. because individual knowledge will not have much impact on the organization unless

it is available to others (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995).

According to Liao et al. (2011), knowledge sharing refers to the extent to which

organizations share knowledge resources within operational boundaries. The knowledge-

sharing process is implemented as a systematic activity to transfer and exchange knowledge

and experience between members of a group or organization who share a common goal.

Assistant Heads and Mill Managers from several palm oil mills in West Kalimantan

Province have implemented knowledge sharing related to SMK3 within oil palm plantation

companies in West Kalimantan Province. The company briefing and there is through training

every month. Then, there is the name of the cargil live server, there are 12 live servers, and

every month 2 live servers can be discussed.

Sharing knowledge about this SMK3, one of the examples of employees, is one example

of evidence that has occurred elsewhere in terms of workplace accidents. Coaching and

socialization to field employees by introducing related work safety management systems in the

company. Guidance is carried out through training every month, live serving the cargil, and

briefings.

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The OHS management system is not only one person who must be safe, not leaders who

must be safe, however, employees must also be safe or workers must be safe. Leaders must

give them an understanding and awareness of the importance related to OHS issues that we

must convey to each person in the company.

Knowledge sharing also has an important role for organizations. Knowledge sharing can

increase the competence and ability of individuals by sharing information and knowledge.

Knowledge sharing can be through tacit knowledge or explicit knowledge (Matzler et al.,

2008).