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JOSS:
Journal of Social Science
STRATEGIC MODEL FOR MSME DEVELOPMENT IN MALUKU PROVINCE
Josef. R. Pattiruhu
1
, Walter Tabelessy
2
, Roy Seleky
3
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Pattimura, Ambon Indonesia
1,2,3
*e-mail: josefpattiruhu@gmail.com, wtabelessy@gmail.com, royseleky02@gmail.com
*Correspondence: josefpattiruhu@gmail.com
KEYWORDS
Strategic Model;
and MSME
Development;
ABSTRACT
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Maluku Province
play an important role in driving the local economy. This study
discusses the strategic model of MSME development with a focus on
financial literacy, digital marketing, and improving the ability of
Human Resources (HR). This type of research is quantitative research.
The sample of this study was 100 MSME actors in Maluku Province
with questionnaire collection techniques. Data analysis tactics using
regression analysis with the help of SPSS applications. 20. The result
of this study is a strategic model of MSME development with a focus
on financial literacy, digital marketing, and improving the ability of
Human Resources (HR) can affect the performance of MSMEs both
partially and simultaneously. Cooperation between governments,
educational institutions, and local businesses is key in implementing
in-depth training programs. By strengthening financial literacy,
digital marketing, and human resource capabilities, MSMEs in Maluku
Province can strengthen the local economy, create jobs, and support
sustainable economic growth.
INTRODUCTION
The province of Maluku, with its cultural diversity and natural beauty, is a beautiful
portrait of Eastern Indonesia. However, behind the exoticism of tropical islands, there are real
economic challenges, especially in developing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
MSMEs in Maluku have great potential as drivers of the local economy, create jobs, and
preserve cultural heritage through unique products and services.
Despite having great potential, MSMEs in Maluku are still faced with a number of
obstacles that hinder their growth. Lack of access to capital is one of the main problems faced
by MSME entrepreneurs, who often find it difficult to get loans with affordable interest.
According to Purwanti (2018) explained that MSMEs are individual businesses or companies
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that are closed, so relying on capital from limited owners, this can hinder business operations.
Changes in consumer trends and technological developments are also serious
challenges. MSMEs in Maluku need to adapt quickly to utilize online platforms and social
networks in order to reach a wider market. In addition, in this digital era, data security and
privacy are also a serious concern for MSME entrepreneurs who want to utilize technology to
develop their business. Limited marketing approaches hamper the competitiveness of local
MSMEs in an increasingly global market. The marketing sector is changing drastically,
changing the way manual marketing is changing to become all-digital (Musnaini, et al., 2020).
In addition to external constraints, MSMEs in Maluku are also faced with internal
challenges in Human Resource competencies such as weak management, lack of access to
business training, and low awareness of sustainable business practices. All these constraints
hinder the business growth of MSMEs, limit their contribution to local economic growth, and
affect the welfare of local communities.
In this context, research on MSME development strategies in Maluku Province. This
research is expected to provide deep insight into the condition of MSMEs, identify factors
that influence their growth, and formulate concrete policy recommendations to address the
challenges faced by MSMEs in the region. These factors include financial literacy, digital
marketing and HR capabilities. By understanding these constraints deeply, the steps taken to
support Moluccan MSMEs can be more targeted and effective, creating an inclusive and
sustainable business ecosystem in the region.
METHOD RESEARCH
This type of research is quantitative research with the aim of being able to provide a
deep understanding of the factors that contribute to the success of MSMEs in Maluku
Province. These factors include financial literacy (X1), digital marketing (X2) and HR
capabilities (X3) that can contribute to MSME performance (Y). The sample of this study was
carried out on 100 MSME actors in Maluku Province using questionnaire collection
techniques. Data analysis tactics using regression analysis with the help of SPSS applications.
20. This analysis will be a solid basis for designing effective and evidence-based development
strategies, helping to overcome challenges and improve the performance of MSMEs in the
region.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RESULT
1.
Prerequisite Test
a.
Error Normality Test
The normality test of regression errors in MSME performance on financial literacy
obtained the following results.
Table 1. Normality Test Results of Error Y over X1
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One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Unstandardiz
ed Residual
N
100
Normal Parametersa,b
Mean
0E-7
Std.
Deviation
4,32704978
Most Extreme
Differences
Absolute
,066
Positive
,066
Negative
-,045
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
,663
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
,772
a. Test distribution is Normal.
b. Calculated from data.
Based on the results of the analysis in Table 1, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov value is
0.663 with a significance of 0.772. Because the significance value of the normality test is
greater than 0.05, it can be concluded that the residual regression of MSME performance
on normal distributed financial literacy. Furthermore, the normality test of regression
errors in MSME performance on digital marketing obtained the following results.
Table 2. Error Y over X2 Normality Test Results
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Unstandardiz
ed Residual
N
100
Normal Parametersa,b
Mean
0E-7
Std.
Deviation
3,50776058
Most Extreme
Differences
Absolute
,115
Positive
,081
Negative
-,115
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
1,146
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
,144
a. Test distribution is Normal.
b. Calculated from data.
Based on the results of the analysis in Table 2, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov value is
1.146 with a significance of 0.144. Because the significance value of the normality test is
greater than 0.05, it can be concluded that the residual regression of MSME performance
over normal distributed digital marketing. Furthermore, the normality test of regression
errors in MSME performance on HR capabilities obtained the following results.
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Table 3. Normality Test Results of Error Y over X3
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Unstandardiz
ed Residual
N
100
Normal Parametersa,b
Mean
0E-7
Std.
Deviation
4,08549496
Most Extreme
Differences
Absolute
,085
Positive
,085
Negative
-,064
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
,851
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
,464
a. Test distribution is Normal.
b. Calculated from data.
Based on the results of the analysis in Table 3, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov value is
0.851 with a significance of 0.464. Because the significance value of the normality test is
greater than 0.05, it can be concluded that the residual regression of MSME performance
on the ability of human resources to be normally distributed.
b.
Uji Linearitas
After the data is tested for normality, the next step is the linearity test. Linearity
test is a statistical method used to test whether there is a linear relationship between two
or more variables. In the context of linearity tests, "linear" refers to linear or straight
relationships between those variables. In other words, if one variable increases, the other
variable is also expected to increase (or decrease) at a constant rate.
Table 4. Results of Regression linearity Test X1 to Y
ANOVA Table
Sum of
Squares
df
Mean
Square
F
Say.
Kinerja_UMKM
*
Literasi_Keuan
gan
Between
Groups
(Combined)
949,353
19
49,966
2,612
,002
Linearity
626,227
1
626,227
32,733
,000
Deviation
from
Linearity
323,126
18
17,951
,938
,537
Within Groups
1530,487
80
19,131
Total
2479,840
99
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The results of the linearity test calculation can be seen in the significance value
of deviation from linearity, where the Fcalculate price is 0.938, with a probability sig price
of 0.537 > 0.05 which means the regression equation Y over X1 is linear.
Table 5. Results of Regression linearity Test X2 to Y
ANOVA Table
Sum of
Squares
df
Mean
Square
F
Say.
Kinerja_UMKM
*
Pemasaran_Digi
tal
Between
Groups
(Combined)
1544,274
15
102,952
9,244
,000
Linearity
1261,706
1
1261,706
113,283
,000
Deviation
from
Linearity
282,568
14
20,183
1,812
,051
Within Groups
935,566
84
11,138
Total
2479,840
99
The results of the linearity test calculation can be seen in the significance value
of deviation from linearity, where the Fcalculate price is 1.812, with a probability sig price
of 0.051 > 0.05 which means that the Y regression equation for X2 is linear
Table 6. Results of Regression linearity Test X3 to Y
ANOVA Table
Sum of
Squares
df
Mean
Square
F
Say.
Kinerja_UMKM
*
Kemampuan_S
DM
Between
Groups
(Combined)
1283,272
19
67,541
4,516
,000
Linearity
827,404
1
827,404
55,318
,000
Deviation
from
Linearity
455,868
18
25,326
1,693
,058
Within Groups
1196,568
80
14,957
Total
2479,840
99
The results of the linearity test calculation can be seen in the significance value
of deviation from linearity, where the Fcalculate price is 1.693, with a probability sig price
of 0.058 > 0.05 which means the Y regression equation for X3 is linear.
2.
Uji Hipotesis
Hypothesis testing is carried out to find out whether the hypothesis expressed in this
study can be accepted or rejected. Based on the results of the requirements analysis test, it
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turns out that hypothesis testing can be done because a number of requirements determined
for hypothesis testing have been met.
a. Hypothesis Testing 1. The Effect of Financial Literacy on MSME Performance
Table 7. Donation Results X1 to Y
Model Summaryb
Mode
l
R
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1
,503a
,253
,245
4,34907
a. Predictors: (Constant), Literasi_Keuangan
b. Dependent Variable: Kinerja_UMKM
Based on the values in Table 7, it is known that the value of r square = 0.253. This
shows that the financial literacy variable has a contribution of 25.30% to the improvement of
MSME performance, the rest is predicted by things other than financial literacy.
Table 8. Simple Linear Regression Test Results X1 to Y
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Say.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
40,456
7,920
5,108
,000
Literasi_Keuanga
n
,558
,097
,503
5,754
,000
a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja_UMKM
The regression equation model can be seen in Table 8, namely
Y= 40.456 + 0.558X1
Based on the equation obtained, it can be interpreted that every change in the score
/ increase in financial literacy score by 1 unit, the performance of MSMEs will increase by
0.558 units with a constant of 40.456. In addition, it can be seen that the calculated t value is
5.754 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the regression equation, it can be
illustrated that an increase in financial literacy score has a tendency to be followed by an
increase in MSME performance scores, which means that there is a significant influence of
financial literacy on MSME performance.
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b. Hypothesis Testing 2. The Influence of Digital Marketing on MSME Performance
Table 9. Donation Results X2 to Y
Model Summaryb
Mode
l
R
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1
,713a
,509
,504
3,52561
a. Predictors: (Constant), Pemasaran_Digital
b. Dependent Variable: Kinerja_UMKM
Based on the values in Table 9, it is known that the value of r square = 0.509. This
shows that digital marketing variables contribute 50.90% to improving MSME performance,
the rest is predicted by things other than digital marketing.
Table 10. Simple Linear Regression Test Results X2 to Y
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Say.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
21,468
6,411
3,349
,001
Pemasaran_Digital
,779
,077
,713
10,075
,000
a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja_UMKM
The regression equation model can be seen in Table 10, namely
Y= 21.468 + 0.779X2
Based on the equation obtained, it can be interpreted that every change in the score
/ increase in digital marketing score by 1 unit, the performance of MSMEs will increase by
0.779 units with a constant of 21.468. In addition, it can be seen that the calculated t value is
10.075 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the regression equation, it can be
illustrated that the increase in digital marketing score has a tendency to be followed by an
increase in the performance value of MSMEs, which means that there is a significant influence
of digital marketing on MSME performance.
c. Hypothesis Testing 3. The Effect of HR Capabilities on MSME Performance
Table 11. Donation Results X3 to Y
Model Summaryb
Mode
l
R
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
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1
,578a
,334
,327
4,10629
a. Predictors: (Constant), Kemampuan_SDM
b. Dependent Variable: Kinerja_UMKM
Based on the values in Table 11, it is known that the value of r square = 0.334. This
shows that the variable HR ability has a contribution of 33.40% to the improvement of MSME
performance, the rest is predicted by things other than HR capabilities.
Table 12. Simple Linear Regression Test Results X3 to Y
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Say.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
32,897
7,586
4,337
,000
Kemampuan_SDM
,654
,093
,578
7,005
,000
a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja_UMKM
The regression equation model can be seen in Table 12, namely
Y= 32.897 + 0.654X2
Based on the equation obtained, it can be interpreted that every change in the score
/ increase in HR ability score by 1 unit, the performance of MSMEs will increase by 0.654 units
with a constant of 32.897. In addition, it can be seen that the calculated t value is 7.005 with
a significance of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the regression equation, it can be illustrated that an
increase in HR ability score has a tendency to be followed by an increase in MSME
performance score, which means that there is a significant influence on MSME performance.
d. Hypothesis Testing 4. The Effect of Financial Literacy, Digital Marketing and HR
Capabilities on MSME Performance
Table 13. Simultaneous Donation Results to Y
Model Summaryb
Mode
l
R
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1
,822a
,676
,665
2,89481
a. Predictors: (Constant), Kemampuan_SDM,
Pemasaran_Digital, Literasi_Keuangan
b. Dependent Variable: Kinerja_UMKM
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Based on the value in Table 13, it is known that the value of r square = 0.676. This
shows that the variables of financial literacy, digital marketing and HR capabilities have
contributed together by 67.60% to improving MSME performance, the rest is predicted by
things other than the variables in this study.
Table 14. Multiple Linear Regression Test Results
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t
Say.
B
Std. Error
Beta
1
(Constant)
11,616
7,087
-1,639
,104
Literasi_Keuangan
,254
,071
,229
3,605
,000
Pemasaran_Digital
,583
,069
,534
8,419
,000
Kemampuan_SDM
,352
,073
,311
4,816
,000
a. Dependent Variable: Kinerja_UMKM
The regression equation model can be seen in Table 14, namely
Y= 11.616 + 0.254X1 + 0.583X2 + 0.352X3
In addition, it can be seen that each significance of financial literacy, digital marketing,
and HR capabilities has a value of 0.000 < 0.05. Based on the regression equation, it can be
illustrated that the increase in financial literacy score, digital marketing, and HR ability has a
tendency to be followed by an increase in MSME performance score, which means that there
is a simultaneous and significant influence of financial literacy, digital marketing, and HR
ability on MSME performance.
DISCUSSION
The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Maluku
Province requires a strategic approach that includes financial literacy, digital marketing, and
improving the ability of Human Resources (HR) to improve the performance of this sector.
Based on the results of the analysis obtained, financial literacy, digital marketing, HR
capabilities have a positive effect both partially and simultaneously on the performance of
MSMEs. First of all, financial literacy plays a key role in strengthening MSMEs. With a good
understanding of financial management, MSMEs can manage their capital wisely, reduce
financial risks, and optimize the use of limited financial resources. Financial literacy also opens
the door to MSME access to more affordable financing, enabling them to develop and invest
in improving the quality of products and services.
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Financial literacy has brought significant changes in the global financial sector.
However, its growth also faces technical and legal challenges that need to be addressed in
order for its potential to be fully utilized, especially in the context of sustainable finance
(Macchiavello and Siri, 2022). Investing in MSME lending companies has an element of impact
investment and is best done through sustainable funds and not commercial funds. Impact
investing, sustainable funds, and microfinance are some of the common activities included in
sustainable finance (Aggarwal and Elembilassery, 2018). Based on a previous theoretical study
by Aliansari (2021), explaining the results of training and assistance in making simple
bookkeeping and preparing financial statements increases MSME awareness of the
importance of information produced by financial statements as a basis for decision making
and business strategy preparation to achieve a sustainable business.
Meanwhile, digital marketing is the key to increasing the visibility of MSMEs in the
global market. In this digital era, marketing through online platforms, social media, and
search engines allows MSMEs in Maluku to reach a wider audience and gain new customers.
By leveraging this technology, MSMEs can build strong brands, create effective marketing
campaigns, and measure results with data analysis. This not only opens up greater sales
opportunities, but also creates closer relationships with customers, builds trust, and
strengthens customer loyalty.
Digital marketing has a huge opportunity in the development of the business world
from now to the future where the target market has transformed into a digital platform.
Meanwhile, the challenge that must be faced by the business world in implementing digital
marketing is readiness in terms of human resources and financial resources in supporting
digital marketing activities (Hendarsyah, 2020). Digital marketing is seen as the best media
as the most effective and efficient means of promotion and is able to increase significant
sales volume (Pradiani, 2017). Digital marketing has made products evolve regardless of
territory. Various digital platforms are prepared by business actors to improve their marketing
(Musnaini, et al., 2020) digital marketing facilities provide convenience provided by each
service provider (Lamiran, Wijoyo, and Sutawan, 2021)
By optimizing the use of their financial resources, increasing the visibility of products
or services through digital marketing, and achieving sustainable business growth (Chandra,
et al. 2023). In line with Jayanti and Karnowati (2023) explained that digitalization of MSMEs
and Financial Literacy have a partial and simultaneous effect on MSME Sustainability. In
addition, there is a positive influence on Financial Aspects and HR Competencies together
have a positive effect on MSME Performance (Wahyudiati and Isroah, 2018).
In addition to financial literacy and digital marketing, improving human resource
capabilities is also an important factor in developing MSMEs in Maluku Province. Training
and skill development for MSME workers not only increases productivity and product quality,
but also helps in efficient business management. Skilled HR can better manage supply chains,
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design smarter marketing strategies, and respond more quickly to market changes. In
addition, improving HR skills also creates an innovative work environment, where new ideas
can be applied to improve the competitiveness of MSMEs at the local and international levels.
The human resource competence of small-medium entrepreneurs is recommended
to be improved so that their competence further improves their business performance
globally. Furthermore, the Human Resource Competence of Small and Medium
Entrepreneurs has a significant effect on their business performance partially and
simultaneously (Ardiana, Brahmayanti, and Subaedi, 2010; Callista, 2016.) Furthermore, the
competence of human resources (HR) turned out to be one of the most important factors in
the MSME industry. By increasing HR competence through increasing knowledge and skills,
it is the key to improving MSME performance (Widjadja, et al., 2018).
In order to optimize the potential of MSMEs in Maluku Province, support from various
parties is needed, including the government, educational institutions, and the private sector.
Well-planned financial literacy, digital marketing, and HR development training programs
must be designed and implemented. With this approach, MSMEs in Maluku Province can
become a solid economic pillar, create jobs, increase people's incomes, and ultimately,
support sustainable economic growth in the region.
CONCLUSION
The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Maluku
Province requires a comprehensive strategy involving financial literacy, digital marketing, and
improving the ability of Human Resources (HR). Based on the results of the analysis and
discussion obtained, financial literacy, digital marketing, HR capabilities have a positive effect
both partially and simultaneously on the performance of MSMEs.
In facing the future, cooperation between governments, educational institutions, and
local businesses is key. Structured and in-depth training programs need to be introduced to
ensure that MSMEs have knowledge and skills relevant to the changing needs of the global
market. By strengthening the foundation of financial literacy, smart digital marketing, and
well-trained human resources, MSMEs in Maluku Province have a great opportunity to grow,
create jobs, and support sustainable economic development in this area.
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Copyright holders:
Josef. R. Pattiruhu
1
, Walter Tabelessy
2
, Walter Tabelessy
3
(2023)
First publication right:
JoSS - Journal of Social Science
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
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